The effectiveness of the personal protective equipment PPE used by jockeys and harness drivers in falls during racing was investigated. In Australia the wearing of helmets and protective vests is mandatory in both forms of the sport, though the equipment standards differ. The incidence of injury was analysed and the mechanisms of injury investigated by video analysis of actual injury incidents. The effectiveness of the safety equipment was assessed through physical testing. The differing injury mechanisms and track surfaces in the two sports result in unique requirements for the protective equipment used. The needs for future development of improved equestrian personal protective equipment are outlined.