Classification and mechanism of fractures of the leg bones involving the ankle:​ based on a study of three hundred cases from the Episcopal Hospital

Ashhurst, Astley P. C.; Bromer, Ralph S.

Year	Entry
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2001	Takao M, Ochi M, Naito K, Iwata A, Kawasaki K, Tobita M, Miyamoto W, Oae K. Arthroscopic diagnosis of tibiofibular syndesmosis disruption. Arthroscopy. October 2001;17(8):836-843.
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1983	Robert RS. Surgical treatment of displaced ankle fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. January 1983;172:164-170.
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1997	Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Yang H, Mekhail AO, Yeasting RA. Radiographic and CT evaluation of tibiofibular syndesmotic diastasis: a cadaver study. Foot Ankle Int. November 1997;18(11):693-698.
2000	Leardini A, O'Connor JJ, Catani F, Giannini S. The role of the passive structures in the mobility and stability of the human ankle joint: a literature review. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(7):602-615.
2007	Han SH, Lee JW, Kim S, Suh J-S, Choi YR. Chronic tibiofibular syndesmosis injury: the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging and comparative analysis of operative treatment. Foot Ankle Int. March 2007;28(3):336-342.
2010	Hermans JJ, Beumer A, De Jong TAW, Kleinrensink G. Anatomy of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in adults: a pictorial essay with a multimodality approach. J Anat. 2010;217(6):633-645.
1956	Kleiger B. The mechanism of ankle injuries. J Bone Joint Surg. 1956;38A(1):59-70.
1961	Ruth CJ. The surgical treatment of injuries of the fibular collateral ligaments of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1961;43A(2):229-239.
1976	Pankovich AM. Maisonneuve fracture of the fibula. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1976;58A(3):337-342.
1977	Yablon IG, Heller FG, Shouse L. The key role of the lateral malleolus in displaced fractures of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1977;59A(2):169-173.
1978	Pankovich AM. Fractures of the fibula proximal to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1978;60A(2):221-229.
1983	Pettrone FA, Gail M, Pee D, Fitzpatrick T, van Herpe LB. Quantitative criteria for prediction of the results after displaced fracture of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1983;65A(5):667-677.
1984	Leeds HC, Ehrlich MG. Instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis after bimalleolar and trimalleolar ankle fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1984;66A(4):490-503.
1995	Xenos JS, Hopkinson WJ, Mulligan ME, Olson EJ, Popovic NA. The tibiofibular syndesmosis: evaluation of the ligamentous structures, methods of fixation, and radiographic assessment. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1995;77A(6):847-856.
1965	Burwell HN, Charnley AD. The treatment of displaced fractures at the ankle by rigid internal fixation and early joint movement. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1965;47B(4):1634-660.
1971	Colton CL. The treatment of Dupuytren's fracture-dislocation of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. February 1971;53B(1):63-71.
2003	Takao M, Ochi M, Oae K, Naito K, Uchio Y. Diagnosis of a tear of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: the role of arthroscopy of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. April 2003;85B(3):324-329.
2002	Rose JD, Flanigan KP, Mlodzienski A. Tibiofibular diastasis without ankle fracture: a review and report of two cases. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2002;41(1):44-51.
1995	Brosky T, Nyland j, Nitz A, Caborn DNM. The ankle ligaments: consideration of syndesmotic injury and implications for rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. April 1995;21(4):197-205.
2008	Malanga GA, Ramirez–Del Toro JA. Common injuries of the foot and ankle in the child and adolescent athlete. Phys Med Rehab Clin North Am. 2008;19(2):347-371.
2003	Oae K, Takao M, Naito K, Uchio Y, Kono T, Ishida J, Ochi M. Injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: value of MR imaging for diagnosis. Radiology. April 2003;227(1):155-161.