Previous work has demonstrated contradictory relationships between bone mineral density (BMD) and injury outcomes particularly in the thorax. This study evaluated the agreement between BMD quantified from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and the subsequent implications for predicting rib fractures from experimental male PMHS tests. Areal BMD (aBMD) and volumetric BMD (vBMD) were obtained from the 2nd-4th lumbar vertebra and left femoral neck (Fem-N) of 83 male PMHS (24-102 years). Raw BMD values were normalized by a standard deviation score (SDS) in reference to aBMD and vBMD sample means per site and bone type. aBMD and vBMD SDS were not related in the hip (p=0.08-0.82) and only weakly related in the spine (<0.001). Between 67.5-77.1% of PMHS demonstrated disagreement or mismatch between assessments with no clear trends of over- or under-prediction. Additionally, the relationship between BMD and number of rib fractures (NRF) was investigated in a subsample of whole-body PMHS experiments. Trabecular bone vBMD in the spine (p=0.04) and Fem-N (p=0.047) as well as the inferior cortex (p=0.01) predicted NRF whereas aBMD (p>0.15) did not. Overall, DXA and QCT do not provide similar representations of male bone quality, implying caution is necessary when categorizing PMHS injury risk using these measures.