A detailed three-dimensional finite element model of a vertebra was formulated for a more complete understanding of the mechanics of vertebral column support. It accounts for many anatomical details of the bone and minimizes geometric idealizations. Isoparametric hexahedral elements were used along with thin plate and thin shell elements. The intervertebral disc and articular facets were represented by boundary elements which could simulate axial, shear and torsional behavior. A technique was developed to generate a finite element mesh and a general finite element code was used to perform the analysis. To validate the model, controlled static and dynamic loading experiments were carried out on excised human vertebral segments. The applied loads approximated whole body loading conditions and strain was monitored at selected locations on the cortical bone surface.