Video capture of the circumstances of falls in elderly people residing in long-term care:​ an observational study

Robinovitch, Stephen N.<sup>1</sup>; Feldman, Fabio<sup>1,2</sup>; Yang, Yijian<sup>1</sup>; Schonnop, Rebecca<sup>1</sup>; Leung, Pet Ming<sup>1,2</sup>; Sarraf, Thiago<sup>1</sup>; Sims-Gould, Joanie<sup>3</sup>; Loughin, Marie<sup>4</sup>

Affiliations

¹Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

²Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada

³Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, BC, Canada

⁴Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

Abstract

Background: Falls in elderly people are a major health burden, especially in the long-term care environment. Yet little objective evidence is available for how and why falls occur in this population. We aimed to provide such evidence by analysing real-life falls in long-term care captured on video.

Methods: We did this observational study between April 20, 2007, and June 23, 2010, in two long-term care facilities in British Columbia, Canada. Digital video cameras were installed in common areas (dining rooms, lounges, hallways). When a fall occurred, facility staff completed an incident report and contacted our teams so that we could collect video footage. A team reviewed each fall video with a validated questionnaire that probed the cause of imbalance and activity at the time of falling. We then tested whether differences existed in the proportion of participants falling due to the various causes, and while engaging in various activities, with generalised linear models, repeated measures logistic regression, and log-linear Poisson regression.

Findings: We captured 227 falls from 130 individuals (mean age 78 years, SD 10). The most frequent cause of falling was incorrect weight shifting, which accounted for 41% (93 of 227) of falls, followed by trip or stumble (48, 21%), hit or bump (25, 11%), loss of support (25, 11%), and collapse (24, 11%). Slipping accounted for only 3% (six) of falls. The three activities associated with the highest proportion of falls were forward walking (54 of 227 falls, 24%), standing quietly (29 falls, 13%), and sitting down (28 falls, 12%). Compared with previous reports from the long-term care setting, we identified a higher occurrence of falls during standing and transferring, a lower occurrence during walking, and a larger proportion due to centre-of-mass perturbations than base-of-support perturbations.

Interpretation: By providing insight into the sequences of events that most commonly lead to falls, our results should lead to more valid and effective approaches for balance assessment and fall prevention in long-term care.

Funding: Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61263-X

PubMed: 23083889

WoS: 000313044300026

History

Revised: 2013-01-5

Online: 2012-10-16

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Cited By (26)

Year	Entry
2020	Cebeci Ö, Checa S. Investigation of proximal femoral loads under low energy impact falls using human body models. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.169-198.
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2014	Thiaux V. Determining If a Balance Recovery is Possible or If a Fall is Unavoidable for Two Postural Perturbations: Lean Release and Surface Translation [Master's thesis]. Université de Sherbrooke; January 2014.
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2017	Levine IC. The Effects of Body Composition and Body Configuration on Impact Dynamics During Lateral Falls: Insights from in-Vivo, in-Vitro, and in-Silico Approaches [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2017.
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