Bone matrix proteins:​ their function, regulation, and relationship to osteoporosis

Young, Marian F.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

Abstract and keywords

Bone is a unique tissue composed of numerous cell types entombed within a mineralized matrix each with its own unique functions. While the majority of the matrix is composed of inorganic materials, study of the organic components has yielded most of the insights into the roles and regulation of cell and tissue specific functions. The goal of this review will be to describe some of the major known organic components of the bone matrix and discuss their functions as currently perceived. The potential usefulness of bone matrix protein assays for diagnosing the status of bone diseases and our current understanding of how these proteins could be related to diseases such as osteoporosis will also be reviewed.

Keywords: Bone matrix proteins; Collagens; Noncollagenous proteins; Osteoporosis

Links

DOI: 10.1007/s00198-002-1342-7

PubMed: 12730768

WoS: 000183458200007

History

Received: 2002-05-06

Accepted: 2002-08-20

Online: 2003-03-12

Cited Works (10)

Year	Entry
1995	Dodds RA, Connor JR, James IE, Rykaczewski EL, Appelbaum E, Dul E, Gowen M. Human osteoclasts, not osteoblasts, deposit osteopontin onto resorption surfaces: an in vitro and ex vivo study of remodeling bone. J Bone Miner Res. November 1995;10(11):1666-1680.
1996	Landis WJ, Hodgens KJ, Song MJ, Arena J, Kiyonaga S, Marko M, Owen C, McEwen BF. Mineralization of collagen may occur on fibril surfaces: evidence from conventional and high-voltage electron microscopy and three-dimensional imaging. J Struct Biol. July 1996;117(1):24-35.
1998	Boskey AL, Gadaleta S, Gundberg C, Doty SB, Ducy P, Karsenty G. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic analysis of bones of osteocalcin-deficient mice provides insight into the function of osteocalcin. Bone. September 1998;23(3):187-196.
1996	Duey P, Desbois C, Boyce B, Pinerot G, Story B, Dunstan C, Smith E, Bonadioll J, Goldstein S, Gundberg C, Bradley A, Karsenty G. Increased bone formation in osteocalcin-deficient mice. Nature. August 1, 1996;382(6590):448-452.
1997	Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, Karsent G. Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell. May 30, 1997;89(5):747-754.
2002	Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. January 11, 2002;108(1):17-29.
1998	Knott L, Bailey AJ. Collagen cross-links in mineralizing tissues: a review of their chemistry, function, and clinical relevance. Bone. March 1998;22(3):181-187.
1997	Komori T, Yagi H, Nomura S, Yamaguchi A, Sasaki K, Deguchi K, Shimizu Y, Bronson RT, Gao Y-H, Inada M, Sato M, Okamoto R, Kitamura Y, Yoshiki S, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. Cell. May 30, 1997;89(5):755-764.
2001	Thompson JB, Kindt JH, Drake B, Hansma HG, Morse DE, Hansma PK. Bone indentation recovery time correlates with bond reforming time. Nature. December 13, 2001;414(6865):773-776.
1984	Eyre DR, Paz MA, Gallop PM. Cross-linking in collagen and elastin. Ann Rev Biochem. 1984;53:717-748.

Cited By (20)

Year	Entry
2010	Herman BC, Cardoso L, Majeska RJ, Jepsen KJ, Schaffler MB. Activation of bone remodeling after fatigue: differential response to linear microcracks and diffuse damage. Bone. October 2010;47(4):766-772.
2013	Boskey AL. Bone composition: relationship to bone fragility and antiosteoporotic drug effects. BoneKEy Rep. December 2013;2:447.
2012	Sroga GE, Vashishth D. Effects of bone matrix proteins on fracture and fragility in osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. June 2012;10(2):141-150.
2005	Fantner GE, Hassenkam T, Kindt JH, Weaver JC, Birkedal H, Pechenik L, Cutroni JA, Cidade GAG, Stucky GD, Morse DE, Hansma PK. Sacrificial bonds and hidden length dissipate energy as mineralized fibrils separate during bone fracture. Nat Mater. August 2005;4(8):612-616.
2017	Billington E. Emerging Issues in Osteoporosis [MD thesis]. Auckland, New Zealand: University of Auckland; 2017.
2009	Wang Y. Roles of Integrins in Flow Induced Mechanotransduction in Osteocytes [PhD thesis]. New York, NY: The City University of New York; 2009.
2011	Boerckel JD. Mechanical Regulation of Bone Regeneration and Vascular Growth in Vivo [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; August 2011.
2016	Hettiaratchi MH. Heparin Microparticle-Mediated Delivery of BMP-2 and Pluripotent Stem Cell Morphogens for Bone Repair [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; December 2016.
2018	Raina DB. Biomaterials as Carriers for Bone Active Molecules: An Approach to Create Off-the-Shelf Bone Substitutes [PhD thesis]. Lund, Sweden: Lund University; 2018.
2008	Herman BC. Osteocytes and Activation of Bone Remodeling [PhD thesis]. Mount Sinai School of Medicine; 2008.
2018	Doering JA. Understanding Musculoskeletal Changes With Aging: Stiffness in Muscle-Tendon Units and Cellular Crosstalk [PhD thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2018.
2020	O’Sullivan LM. Time-Sequence of Biomechanical Adaption in Trabecular Tissue During Estrogen Deficiency [PhD thesis]. National University of Ireland Galway; March 2020.
2016	Wittkowske C. The Role of Mechanical Forces in Bone Formation: Evaluation of Long-Term Responses by Osteoblasts to Low Fluid Shear Stress in Vitro [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; September 2016.
2020	Pei S. Osteocyte Mechanosensing: Interstitial Fluid Flow, Cellular Response, and Turnover of Pericellular Matrix [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2020.
2010	Melhus G. Molecular Studies on Bone With Focus on Fracture Healing in Experimental Osteoporosis [PhD thesis]. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo; 2010.
2006	Chen Q. The Role of Fibronectin in Osteoblast Function and Regulation of TGF-Beta in Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Missouri–Kansas City; 2006.
2007	Wu Y-L. Interaction of Bone Cells With Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Gelatin Nanocomposites Towards Developing Bone Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. University of Minnesota; December 2007.
2013	Liu CC. Effects of a New Conjugate Drug in a Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013.
2018	Zhang L. Effects of Osteoblast-Specific Gα_S Overexpression on Skeletal Development and Response to Catabolic and Anabolic Stimuli Using a Transgenic Mouse Model [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018.
2019	Poon A. Pamidronate Does Not Affect Cortical Porosity in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Osteoblastic Gαs [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2019.