Correlations between stiffness and the chemical constituents of cartilage on the human femoral head

wbldb

Kempson, G. E.¹; Muir, Helen²; Swanson, S. A. V.¹; Freeman, M. A. R.¹

Correlations between stiffness and the chemical constituents of cartilage on the human femoral head

Biochim Biophys Acta. July 21, 1970;215(1):70-77

©1970 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Affiliations

¹The Biomechanics Unit, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, S.W. 7.

²The Kennedy Inslitute, Bute Gardens, London, W.6. (England)
Abstract

A method is described, in outline, for measuring the compressive stiffness of articular cartilage on the human femoral head, in vitro. Indentations were measured normal to the articular surface, and from these measurements creep moduli were calculated at 2 sec after application of the load. Correlations between the stiffness and the following quantities were determined: (1) Total glycosaminoglycan content, (2) chondroitin sulphate content, (3) ‘keratin sulphate’ content, and (4) collagen content. These quantities were determined from chemical analyses of the indented areas of cartilage and expressed as a percentage of the dry weight.

The following observations were made: there was a statistically significant correlation between the stiffness, expressed as the creep modulus, and the total glycosaminoglycan content. Approximately equal correlation coefficients were recorded between the stiffness and chondroitin sulphate and ‘keratan sulphate’ content respectively; however, at a given concentration, the influence of ‘keratin sulphate’, on the stiffness, was greater than that of chondroitin sulphate. In contrast, the correlation between stiffness and collagen content was considerably less significant.
Links

DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90388-0

PubMed: 4250263
History

Received: 1970-03-9

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1969	Maroudas A, Muir H, Wingham J. The correlation of fixed negative charge with glycosaminoglycan content of human articular cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta. May 6, 1969;177(3):492-500.
1968	Kempson GE, Freeman MAR, Swanson SAV. Tensile properties of articular cartilage. Nature. December 14, 1968;220(5172):1127-1128.

Cited By (44)

Year	Entry
1973	Lavigne AB, Watkins RP. Preliminary results on immobilisation-induced stiffness of monkey knee joints and posterior capsule. In: Kenedi RM, ed. Perspectives in Biomedical Engineering: Proceedings of a Symposium Organised in Association With the Biological Engineering Society and Held in the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, June 1972. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press; 1973:177-179.
1979	Muir IHM. Biochemistry. In: Freeman MAR, ed. Adult Articular Cartilage. 2nd ed. Kent, England: Pitman Medical; 1979:145-214.
1988	Eggli PS, Hunzinker EB, Schenk RK. Quantitation of structural features characterizing weight- and less-weight-bearing regions in articular cartilage: a stereological analysis of medical femoral condyles in young adult rabbits. Anat Rec. November 1988;222(3):217-227.
1983	Muir H. Proteoglycans as organizers of the intercellular matrix. Biochem Soc Trans. December 1983;11(6):613-622.
1976	Kempson GE, Tuke MA, Dingle JT, Barrett AJ, Horsefield PH. The effects of proteolytic enzymes on the mechanical properties of adult human articular cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta. May 28, 1976;428(3):741-760.
1978	Caterson B, Lowther DA. Changes in the metabolism of the proteoglycans from sheep articular cartilage in response to mechanical stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. May 17, 1978;540(3):412-422.
1995	Athanasiou KA, Agarwal A, Muffoletto A, Dzida FJ, Constantinides G, Clem M. Biomechanical properties of hip cartilage in experimental animal models. Clin Orthop Relat Res. July 1995;316:254-266.
1971	Kempson GE, Freeman MAR, Swanson SAV. The determination of a creep modulus for articular cartilage from indentation tests on the human femoral head. J Biomech. July 1971;4(4):239-250.
1971	Kempson GE, Spivey CJ, Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR. Patterns of cartilage stiffness on normal and degenerate human femoral heads. J Biomech. December 1971;4(6):597-609.
1976	Hori RY, Mockros LF. Indentation tests of human articular cartilage. J Biomech. 1976;9(4):259-268.
2000	Li LP, Buschmann MD, Shirazi-Adl A. A fibril reinforced nonhomogeneous poroelastic model for articular cartilage: inhomogeneous response in unconfined compression. J Biomech. December 2000;33(12):1533-1541.
2004	Ateshian GA, Chahine NO, Basalo IM, Hung CT. The correspondence between equilibrium biphasic and triphasic material properties in mixture models of articular cartilage. J Biomech. March 2004;37(3):391-400.
2023	McCreery KP, Luetkemeyer CM, Calve S, Neu CP. Hyperelastic characterization reveals proteoglycans drive the nanoscale strain-stiffening response in hyaline cartilage. J Biomech. January 2023;146:111397.
1986	Mak AF. The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage: the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows. J Biomech Eng. May 1986;108(2):123-130.
1989	Proctor CS, Schmidt MB, Whipple RR, Kelly MA, Mow VC. Material properties of the normal medial bovine meniscus. J Orthop Res. November 1989;7(6):771-782.
2000	LeRoux MA, Arokoski J, Vail TP, Guilak F, Hyttinen MM, Kiviranta I, Setton LA. Simultaneous changes in the mechanical properties, quantitative collagen organization, and proteoglycan concentration of articular cartilage following canine meniscectomy. J Orthop Res. May 2000;18(3):383-392.
2015	Lakin BA. Developing a Cationic Contrast Agent for Computed Tomographic Imaging of Articular Cartilage and Synthetic Biolubricants for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Boston University; 2015.
2015	Whitney GA. Characterization of the Frictional-Shear Damage Properties of Scaffold-Free Engineered Cartilage and Reduction of Damage Susceptibility by Upregulation of Collagen Content [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2015.
2022	McCreery KP. Multiscale Biophysical Signaling Regulates Tissue Morphogenesis and Degeneration [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 2022.
1993	Setton LA. Effects of Intrinsic Viscoelasticity and Ion-Induced Swelling on the Mechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage: Theory and Experiments [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 1993.
2017	Jones BK. Articular Cartilage Contact Mechanics and Development of a Bendable Osteochondral Allograft [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2017.
2000	Narmoneva DA. Material Property Determination for Normal and Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage Using a Triphasic Mechano -Chemical Theoretical Model of Osmotic Loading [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2000.
2000	Trickey WR. Mechanical Properties of Chondrocytes [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2000.
2016	Schätti OR. A Model to Study Articular Cartilage Mechanical and Biological Responses to Sliding and Rolling Loads [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2016.
1983	Eisenberg SR. Nonequilibrium Electromechanical Interactions in Cartilage: Swelling and Electrokinetics Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; February 1983.
1986	Gray ML. Physical Regulation of Epiphyseal Cartilage Biosynthesis: Responses to Electrical, Mechanical, and Chemical Signals [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; July 1986.
2002	Samosky JT. Spatially-Localized Correlation of MRI and Mechanical Stiffness to Assess Cartilage Integrity in the Human Tibial Plateau [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 2002.
2007	Wu BYC. Investigation of Long-Term Cyclic Loading Effects on Initially Intact Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 2007.
2000	Langelier E. Le rôle du cytosquelette dans la mécanique des cellules du cartilage, les chondrocytes [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; December 2000.
2012	Kaupp JA. Simulated Joint Loading Enhances the Expression of of Superficial Zone Markers in Tissue Engineered Cartilage Constructs [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; February 2012.
2018	Arabshahi Z. New Mechanical Indentation Framework for Functional Assessment of Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2018.
2005	Scott CC. Interferometry of Chondrocytes and Impact of Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Houston, TX: Rice University; August 2005.
1997	Stevens SS. Mechanical Regulation of Articular Cartilage Development, Maintenance and Degeneration [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 1997.
2011	Keenan KE. Determination of Human Articular Cartilage Condition Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Creep Indentation Testing and Biochemistry [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 2011.
2002	Couillard S. Cartilage Deformation of the Feline Patellofemoral Joint Obtained from Laser Scanning [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2002.
2013	Andrews S. Meniscus Structure and Function [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 2013.
2013	Madden RMJ. In Situ Chondrocyte Mechanics and Mechanobiology [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2013.
2014	Hadidi P. Enhancing the Biochemical and Mechanical Properties of a Self-Assembling Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineered Knee Meniscus [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2014.
2006	Nugent GE. Biomechanical Regulation of Articular Cartilage Metabolism of Proteoglycan 4 and Articular Surface Integrity [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2006.
2012	Chan EFT. Association of 3-Dimensional Joint Shape and Function During Growth, Repair, and in Disease [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2012.
2014	Hansen BC. Distal Femur Articular Cartilage Surface Topology: Health, Acute Injury, and Repair [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2014.
2012	Allen J. Modeling Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: A Potent Regulator of TGFbeta-Inducible Chondrocyte Differentiation [PhD thesis]. San Francisco, University of California; 2012.
1994	Ciarelli MJ. Characterization of Growth Plate Cartilage Compressive Properties [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
2009	Forman J. The Structural Characteristics of the Costal Cartilage: The Roles of Calcification and the Perichondrium, and the Representation of the Costal Cartilage in Finite Element Models of the Human Body [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2009.