Human balance and posture control during standing and walking

Winter, D. A.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Keywords

Keywords: Balance; inverted pendulum model; standing; walking

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9

History

Revised: 1995-12-1

Online: 2000-07-24

Cited Works (4)

Year	Entry
1990	Winter DA. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Inc., John Wiley & Sons; 1990.
1993	MacKinnon CD, Winter DA. Control of whole body balance in the frontal plane during human walking. J Biomech. June 1993;26(6):633-644.
1983	Wickiewicz TL, Roy RR, Powell PL, Edgerton VR. Muscle architecture of the human lower limb. Clin Orthop Relat Res. October 1983;179:275-283.
1980	Winter DA. Overall principle of lower limb support during stance phase of gait. J Biomech. 1980;13(11):923-927.

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2017	Ameer MA, Muaidi QI. Influence of increasing knee flexion angle on knee-ankle varus stress during single-leg jump landing. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. December 2017;12(6):497-503.
2012	Kelly LA, Kuitunen S, Racinais S, Cresswell AG. Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles with increasing postural demand. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 2012;27(1):46-51.
2006	Kang HG, Dingwell JB. A direct comparison of local dynamic stability during unperturbed standing and walking. Exp Brain Res. June 2006;172(1):35-48.
2005	Hof AL, Gazendam MGJ, Sinke WE. The condition for dynamic stability. J Biomech. January 2005;38(1):1-8.
2010	Pandy MG, Lin Y-C, Kim HJ. Muscle coordination of mediolateral balance in normal walking. J Biomech. August 10, 2010;43(11):2055-2064.
2010	Humphrey LR, Hemami H. A computational human model for exploring the role of the feet in balance. J Biomech. December 2010;43(16):3199-3206.
2023	Buurke TJW, van de Venis L, den Otter R, Nonnekes J, Keijsers N. Comparison of ground reaction force and marker-based methods to estimate mediolateral center of mass displacement and margins of stability during walking. J Biomech. January 2023;146:111415.
2023	Phan V, Peterson DS, Lee H. Directional virtual time-to-contact: a new measure for investigating temporal, spatial, and control aspects of postural balance control. J Biomech. January 2023;146:111428.
2023	Massot C, Decoufour N, Blandeau M, Barbier F, Donze C, Simoneau E, Leteneur S. Upper limb contribution during tandem gait in multiple sclerosis: an early marker of balance impairments. J Biomech. March 2023;149:111492.
2023	Shoja O, Shojaei M, Hassanlouei H, Towhidkhah F, Amiri M, Boroomand H, Rahimi N, Zhang L. Lack of visual information alters lower limb motor coordination to control center of mass trajectory during walking. J Biomech. June 2023;155:111650.
2023	Molina LK, Small GH, Neptune RR. The influence of step width on balance control and response strategies during perturbed walking in healthy young adults. J Biomech. August 2023;157:111731.
2023	Butowicz C, Yoder AJ, Hendershot BD, Gunterstockman B, Farrokhi S. Principal components analysis of postural sway in persons with unilateral lower limb amputation: a wearable sensor approach. J Biomech. September 2023;158:111768.
2023	Christensen MS, Tracy JB, Crenshaw JR. A pelvis-oriented margin of stability is robust against deviations in walking direction. J Biomech. November 2023;160:111812.
2010	Graci V. The Role of Peripheral Visual Cues in Planning and Controlling Movement: An Investigation of Which Cues Provided by Different Parts of the Visual Field Influence the Execution of Movement and How They Work to Control Upper and Lower Limb Motion [PhD thesis]. University of Bradford; 2010.
2014	Östh J. Muscle Responses of Car Occupants: Numerical Modeling and Volunteer Experiments Under Pre-Crash Braking Conditions [PhD thesis]. Götenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2014.
2021	Richard EA. The Effects of a 2-Week Isometric Neck Exercise Training Program on Standing Balance [Master's thesis]. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University; June 2021.
2010	McKay JL. Neuromechanical Constraints and Optimality for Balance [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; August 2010.
2008	Doyle RJ. Generalizability of Center of Pressure Measurements Across Age Populations [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2008.
2012	Park K. Quantitative Assessment of Human Gait Patterns Using Biomechanical and Dynamical Tools [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2012.
2016	Islam M. Studies on Gait Control Using a Portable Pneumatically Powered Anklefoot Orthosis (PPAFO) During Human Walking [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2016.
2020	Fox MC. The Biomechanical Consequences of Body Size Differences in Humans [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2020.
2015	Barnds AN. Biomechanical Markers as Indicators of Postural Instability Progression in Parkinson's Disease [PhD thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2015.
2015	Harper JR. Fractal Analysis of Center of Pressure Velocity Time Series in Parkinson's Disease [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2015.
2017	Giraldo C. Single Inverted Pendulum Validation for Bi-Pedal Quiet Standing in Healthy Controls and Persons With Parkinson's Disease [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2017.
2018	Craig JJW. Quantifying Gait Stability Based on Body Segment Coordination Relationships Measured With Wireless Sensors [PhD thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2018.
2018	Sidener LJ. Exploring the Use of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify Simulated Balance Deficits [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2018.
2020	Gerber E. An Investigation of Rambling-Trembling Sway Trajectories With Simulated Somatosensory Deficit [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2020.
2020	Nichols P. The Use of Sample Entropy and Fuzzy Sample Entropy to Analyze Somatosensory Deficit in the COP of Quiet Standing [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2020.
2022	Nkrumah Z. The Efficacy of Using Color in Sub-Threshold Vibration to Improve Older Adult Balance [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2022.
2013	Singh P. Evaluation of Foot-Transmitted Vibration and Transmissibility Characteristics of Mining Boots and Insoles [Master's thesis]. Sudbury, ON: Laurentian University; 2013.
2019	Sepp LA. Running Biomechanics for People With a Unilateral Transtibial Amputation Using Running-Specific and Daily-Use Prostheses [PhD thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019.
2009	Navalgund AR. Evaluating the Effect of a 10-Week Stabilization Exercise Program on the Postural Stability and the Neuromuscular Control of the Spine in Subjects With Subacute Recurrent Low Back Pain [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2009.
2017	Monfort SM. Implications of Neurotoxic Chemotherapy on the Functional Stability of Cancer Survivors [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2017.
1998	Dingwell JB. Variability and Nonlinear Dynamics of Continuous Locomotion: Applications to Treadmill Walking and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; December 1998.
2014	Celik H. Predictive Gait Simulations for Investigation of Musculoskeletal Structure and Locomotor Function [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; August 2014.
2022	Lyu S. A Novel Wearable Imu-Based Assessment of Postural Stability [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; May 2022.
2011	Novak AC. Biomechanical and Physical Requirements of Stair Negotiation With Respect to Aging and Stroke [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; August 2011.
2022	Huckell TR. Standing Balance of Legged Robots: Leveraging Reduced Order Models to Improve Balancing Performance [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; May 2022.
2011	Sarraf TA. Biomechanics of Balance Recovery by Handrail Grasping [Master's thesis]. Simon Fraser University; 2011.
2019	Pan YT. Sensory Augmentation for Balance Rehabilitation Using Skin Stretch Feedback [PhD thesis]. Texas A&M University; May 2019.
2013	Brown HJ. Development and Validation of an Objective Balance Error Scoring System [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; September 2013.
2010	Nott C. Control of Angular Momentum During Hemi Paretic Gait: A Computational Simulation [PhD thesis]. University of Florida; August 2010.
2015	Wu AR. Control Systems Approach to Balance Stabilization During Human Standing and Walking [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2015.
2016	Worden T. Examination of Dual-Task Training Protocols to Alter Performance on a Concurrent Auditory Stroop and Obstacle Crossing Dual-Task Test [PhD thesis]. University of Guelph; August 2016.
2018	Keaton Alexander Inkol. Modelling Dynamic Postural Stability Margins During Fixed-Support Balance Recovery [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; July 2018.
2014	Kelly LA. In-Vivo Function of Human Plantar Intrinsic Foot Muscles [PhD thesis]. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland; 2014.
2021	Kessler SE. The Spring in Your Step: The Role of Muscles and Elastic Connective Tissue Within the Foot [PhD thesis]. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland; 2021.
2019	Du Bois AM. Golf as Therapeutic Exercise for Older Adults: A Biomechanical Analysis of Golf Swing Demands and the Effects of a Golf Training Program on Older Adult Balance and Strength [PhD thesis]. University of Southern California (USC); May 2019.
2010	Beckstrom AB. Histologic and Geometric Data Challenge the Assumption of Habitual Superior-Inferior (tension-Compression) Bending Across the Chimpanzee Proximal Femur [Master's thesis]. University of Utah; August 2010.
2012	Allen JL. Simulation and Experimental Analyses to Assess Walking Performance Post-Stroke Using Step Length Asymmetry and Module Composition [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; August 2012.
2021	Brough LG. Muscle Contributions to Balance Control, Propulsion and Leg Swing During Healthy and Post-Stroke Walking [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 2021.
2018	Komisar V. Effect of Handrail Height on Balance Recovery Reactions in Younger and Older Adults [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018.
2013	Glinka M. The Effect of Aging on Movement Characteristics and Postural Control During Stooping and Crouching Tasks [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2013.
2017	Weaver TB. New Insights Into the Landing Phase of Reactive Stepping: Predictors of Control, Muscle Recruitment, Movement Restraints and Two-Step Responses [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2017.
2018	Park J. Assessing Pre-Existing Movement and Muscular Recruitment Differences in Prolonged Standing, Transient Low Back Pain Developers Compared to Non-Pain Developers [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018.
2007	Davidson BS. Experimental and Simulation-Based Assessment of the Human Postural Response to Sagittal Plane Perturbations With Localized Muscle Fatigue and Aging [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; October 12, 2007.
2009	Hernández A. In Vivo Dynamic Function of Lower Extremity Human Biarticular Muscles as Measured by Novel Electrical Stimulation Protocols Juxtaposed to Computational Perturbation Studies [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2009.
2019	Acuña SA. Altered Neuromuscular Control of Gait Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Targeted Neuromodulation to Improve Motor Function [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2019.