The Effect of Energy Absorbing Devices on Spinal Loads Resulting from -GX Acceleration

Year	Entry
1971	McKenzie JA, Williams JF. The dynamic behaviour of the head and cervical spine during "whiplash". J Biomech. December 1971;4(6):477-490.
1959	Evans FG, Lissner HR. Biomechanical studies on the lumbar spine and pelvis. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1959;41A(2):278-290.
1971	Mertz HJ, Patrick LM. Strength and response of the human neck. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:207-255. SAE 710855.
1971	Orne D, Liu YK. A mathematical model of spinal response to impact. J Biomech. 1971;4(1):49-71.
1968	Armstrong RW, Waters HP, Stapp JP. Human muscular restraint during sled deceleration. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:440-462. SAE 680793.
1964	McElhaney J, Fogle J, Byars E, Weaver G. Effect of embalming on the mechanical properties of beef bone. J Appl Physiol. November 1964;19(6):1234-1236.
1969	Vulcan AP. Response of the Lower Vertebral Column to Caudocephalad Acceleration [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1969.
1966	Skeels PC. The General Motors energy-absorbing steering column. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-13. SAE 660785.
1962	Garrett JW, Braunstein PW. The seat belt syndrome. J Trauma. May 1962;2(3):220-238.
1967	Bohlin NI. A statistical analysis of 28,000 accident cases with emphasis on occupant restraint value. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:455-478. SAE 670925.
1964	Roberts VL, Lissner HR. A correlation between cadaver and in vivo results. In: Patrick LM, ed. Proceedings of the 8th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. October 21-23, 1964; Wayne State University. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press:134-146. SAE 640848.
1961	Ryan JJ. Reduction in crash forces. In: Proceedings of the 5th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. September 14-16, 1961; University of Minnesota. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:48-89.
1972	Clarke TD, Smedley DC, Muzzy WH, Gragg CD, Schmidt RE, Trout EM. Impact tolerance and resulting injury patterns in the baboon: air force shoulder harness-lap belt restraint. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1972; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:365-411. SAE 720974.
1973	Kazemieslamian M. A Mathematical Model of the Human Ribcage [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1973.
1968	Patrick LM, Van Kirk DJ, Nyquist GW. Vehicle accelerator crash simulator. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:402-423. SAE 680791.
1973	Prasad P. The Dynamic Response of the Spine During +G_Z Acceleration [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1973.
1974	Prasad P, King AI. An experimentally validated dynamic model of the spine. J Appl Mech. September 1974;41(3):546-550.
1970	Gragg CD, Bendixen CD, Clarke TD, Klopfenstein HS, Sprouffske JF. Evaluation of the lap belt, air bag, and air force restraint systems during impact with living human sled subjects. In: Proceedings of the 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-18, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:241-262. SAE 700904.
1968	Greenberg SW, Gonzalez D, Gurdjian ES, Thomas LM. Changes in physical properties of bone between the in vivo, freshly dead, and embalmed conditions. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:271-279. SAE 680783.