Mechanical properties of hydrated cortical bone

Bargren, John H.<sup>1</sup>; Bassett, C. Andrew L.<sup>1</sup>; Gjelsvik, Atle<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

¹Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032, U.S.A.

²Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York 10032., U.S.A.

Abstract

The elastic modulus and the viscous modulus of hydrated and airdried cortical bone were determined. All testing was done on highly organized specimens from the human femur with the same specimen loaded alternately in axial tension and compression. Sinusoidal strain rates in the physiologic range were employed. Specimens at 0. 30 and 45 to the long axis of femur were tested to demonstrate directional changes in the moduli. Both moduli showed no change of value in tensile and compressive loading modes.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(74)90014-1

PubMed: 4844330

WoS: A1974T641400006

History

Received: 1973-10-22

Cited Works (21)

Year	Entry
1959	Smith JW, Walmsley R. Factors affecting the elasticity of bone. J Anat. 1959;93(pt 4):503-523.
1966	Sedlin‌ ED, Hirsch C. Factors affecting the determination of the physical properties of femoral cortical bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1966;37(1):29-48.
1971	Wood JL. Dynamic response of human cranial bone. J Biomech. January 1971;4(1):1-12.
1969	Lang SB. Elastic coefficients of animal bone. Science. July 18, 1969;65(3890):287-288.
1965	Sedlin ED. A rheologic model for cortical bone: a study of physical properties of human femoral samples. Acta Orthop Scand. 1965;(suppl 83):1-77.
1964	McElhaney J, Fogle J, Byars E, Weaver G. Effect of embalming on the mechanical properties of beef bone. J Appl Physiol. November 1964;19(6):1234-1236.
1970	Lanyon LE, Smith RN. Bone strain in the tibia during normal quadrupedal locomotion. Acta Orthop Scand. 1970;41(3):238-248.
1971	Katz JL. Hard tissue as a composite material, I: bounds on the elastic behavior. J Biomech. October 1971;4(5):455-473.
1966	McElhaney JH. Dynamic response of bone and muscle tissue. J Appl Physiol. 1966;21(4):1231-1236.
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1970	Abendschein W, Hyatt GW. Ultrasonics and selected physical properties of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. March–April 1970;69:294-301.
1971	Burstein AH, Frankel VH. A standard test for laboratory animal bone. J Biomech. March 1971;4(2):155-158.
1969	Currey JD. The mechanical consequences of variation in the mineral content of bone. J Biomech. March 1969;2(1):1-11.
1971	Vincentelli R, Evans FG. Relations among mechanical properties, collagen fibers, and calcification in adult human cortical bone. J Biomech. May 1971;4(3):193-201.
1968	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The compressive properties of single osteons. Anat Rec. July 1968;161(3):377-392.
1972	Haut RC, Little RW. A constitutive equation for collagen fibers. J Biomech. September 1972;5(5):423-430.
1952	Dempster WT, Liddicoat RT. Compact bone as a non-isotropic material. Am J Anat. 1952;91(3):331-362.
1972	Cochran GVB. Implantation of strain gages on bone in vivo. J Biomech. January 1972;5(1):119-123.
1966	Bonfield W, Li CH. Deformation and fracture of bone. J Appl Phys. February 1966;37(2):869-875.
1968	Burstein AH, Frankel VH. The viscoelastic properties of some biological materials. Annals NY Acad Sci. January 1968;146:158-165.
1970	Currey JD. The mechanical properties of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November–December 1970;73:210-231.

Cited By (20)

Year	Entry
1990	Duck FA. Mechanical properties of tissue. In: Physical Properties of Tissue: A Comprehensive Reference Book. Longon, England: Academic Press Limited; 1990:137-165.
1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
2007	Untaroiu C, Kerrigan J, Kam C, Crandall J, Yamazaki K, Fukuyama K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T, Funk J. Correlation of strain and loads measured in the long bones with observed kinematics of the lower limb during vehicle-pedestrian impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:433-466. SAE 2007-22-0018.
1993	Riggs CM, Vaughan LC, Evans GP, Lanyon LE, Boyde A. Mechanical implications of collagen fibre orientation in cortical bone of the equine radius. Anat Embryol. March 1993;187(3):239-248.
2007	Ebacher V, Tang C, McKay H, Oxland TR, Guy P, Wang R. Strain redistribution and cracking behavior of human bone during bending. Bone. May 2007;40(5):1265-1275.
2018	Zhao S, Arnold M, Ma S, Abel RL, Cobb JP, Hansen U, Boughton O. Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone. Bone Joint Res. August 2018;7(8):524-538.
1990	Katsamanis F, Raftopoulos DD. Determination of mechanical properties of human femoral cortical bone by the Hopkinson bar stress technique. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1173-1184.
2000	Wirtz DC, Schiffers N, Pandorf T, Radermacher K, Weichert D, Forst R. Critical evaluation of known bone material properties to realize anisotropic fe-simulation of the proximal femur. J Biomech. October 2000;33(10):1325-1330.
1976	Lanyon LE, Baggott DG. Mechanical function as an influence on the structure and form of bone. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1976;58B(4):436-443.
2006	Adharapurapu RR, Jiang F, Vecchio KS. Dynamic fracture of bovine bone. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. September 2006;26(8):1325-1332.
1996	Hillam RA. Response of Bone to Mechanical Load and Alterations in Circulating Hormones [PhD thesis]. Bristol, UK: University of Bristol; October 1996.
1994	Zysset P. A Constitutive Law for Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Lausanne, Switzerland: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1994.
2018	Muckatira SK. Error Estimation in Whole Bone Microstrain Measurement When Using Digital Volume Correlation [Master's thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2018.
2010	Johnson TPM. On the Rate-Dependent Constitutive Response of Cortical and Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 2010.
2007	Zhang J. Mechanical Property Determination of Bone Through Nano- and Microindentation Testing and Finite Element Simulation [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; July 2007.
1983	Rouhana SW. Fluid Flow and Mechanical Damping in Bovine Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; February 1983.
1982	Ashman RB. Ultrasonic Determination of the Elastic Properties of Cortical Bone: Techniques and Limitations [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 1982.
2011	Ebacher V. Experimental Study of Deformation and Microcracking in Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2011.
2020	Amromanoh OA. An Experimental Study of the Effect of Bone Inorganic-Organic Composition on the Mechanical Properties [Master's thesis]. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba; April 2020.
2014	Schwiedrzik JJ. Experimental, Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of the Nonlinear Micromechanical Properties of Bone [PhD thesis]. Universität Bern; 2014.