Acceleration induced head injury in the monkey, II: neuropathology

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Adams, J. H.¹; Graham, D. I.¹; Gennarelli, T. A.²

Acceleration induced head injury in the monkey, II: neuropathology

Acta Neuropathol Suppl. 1981;7:26-28

©1981 Springer-Verlag

Affiliations

¹Department of Neuropathology, University of Glasgow, Great Britain

²Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
Abstract and keywords

A comprehensive neuropathological study has been undertaken in 53 adult subhuman primates subjected to a single sagittal plane angular acceleration impulse. The types of injury produced correlated well with the input force and were very similar to those seen in fatal nonmissile head injuries in man. There was a fracture of the skull in 14 animals. Subdural haematoma occurred in 33 animals, contusions in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain in 39, and discrete intracerebral haematoma in 4. Brain shift and tentorial herniation were also seen. There was evidence of hypoxic brain damage in 22 animals, and central chromatolysis in Betz cells and in the motor nuclei of the brain stem in 16.

Keywords: acceleration injury; monkey; neuropathology
Links

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81553-9_8

PubMed: 6939248

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1977	Adams JH, Mitchell DE, Graham DI, Doyle D. Diffuse brain damage of immediate impact type: its relationship to "primary brain-stem damage" in head injury. Brain. July 1977;100(3):489-502.
1979	Gennarelli TA, Abel JM, Adams H, Graham D. Differential tolerance of frontal and temporal lobes to contusion induced by angular acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1979; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:563-586. SAE 791022.

Cited By (29)

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1983	Gennarelli TA. Head injury in man and experimental animals: clinical aspects. Acta Neuropathol Suppl. 1983;32:1-13.
2013	Fievisohn EM, Sajja VS, Vaughn BM, VandeVord PJ, Hardy WN. Short term mild traumatic brain injury mechanisms characterized in an in vivo Göttingen minipig model. In: Proceedings of the 9th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2013; Columbus, OH.
1999	Miller RT, Smith DH, Chen X, Xu B-N, Leoni M, Nonaka M, Meaney DF. Comparing experimental data to traumatic brain injury finite element models. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:303-311. SAE 99SC20.
1983	Adams JH, Graham DI, Gennarelli TA. Head injury in man and experimental animals: neuropathology. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Berlin). 1983;32:15-30.
1982	Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Adams JH, Graham DI, Thompson CJ, Marcincin RP. Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann Neurol. 1982;12(6):564-574.
2012	Post A, Hoshizaki B, Gilchrist MD. Finite element analysis of the effect of loading curve shape on brain injury predictors. J Biomech. February 23, 2012;45(4):679-683.
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2001	Bain AC, Raghupathi R, Meaney DF. Dynamic stretch correlates to both morphological abnormalities and electrophysiological impairment in a model of traumatic axonal injury. J Neurotrauma. May 2001;18(5):499-511.
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1988	Galbraith JA. The Effects of Mechanical Loading on the Electrophysiology of the Squid Giant Axon [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1988.
1998	Bain AC. In Vivo Mechanical Thresholds for Morphological and Functional Axonal Injury [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1998.
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2017	Guettler AJ. Quantifying the Response of Relative Brain/skull Motion to Rotational Input in the PMHS Head [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; December 18, 2017.
1994	Ruan JS. Impact Biomechanics of Head Injury by Mathematical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
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2007	Hardy WN. Response of the Human Cadaver Head to Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2007.
2018	Arora T. Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2018.
2023	Lyu D. Investigation of Biomechanical Thresholds of Mild to Severe Brain Injury Using an Anisotropic Visco-Hyperelastic Finite Element Head Model: Model Development and Simulation of Impact Injury and Blast Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2023.