Recommended Procedures for Evaluating Occupant Injury Risk from Deploying Side Airbags

Year	Entry
1997	Prasad P, Kim A, Weerappuli DPV. Biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices for rear impact. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:387-415. SAE 973342.
1999	Begeman PC, Pratima K, Prasad P. Bending strength of the human cadaveric forearm due to lateral loads. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:343-350. SAE 99SC24.
1996	Kirkish SL, Begeman PC, Paravasthu NS. Proposed provisional reference values for the humerus for evaluation of injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:75-84. SAE 962416.
1997	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Irwin AL. Injury risk curves for children and adults in frontal and rear collisions. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:13-30. SAE 973318.
1984	Prasad P, Daniel RP. A biomechanical analysis of head, neck, and torso injuries to child surrogates due to sudden torso acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:25-40. SAE 841656.
1998	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Eppinger RH. Response and tolerance of the human forearm to impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:65-74. SAE 983149.
1995	Daniel RP, Irwin A, Athey J, Balser J, Eichbrecht P, Hultman RW, Kirkish S, Kneisly A, Mertz H, Nusholtz G, Rouhana S, Scherer R, Salloum M, Smrcka J. Technical specifications of the SID-IIs dummy. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:359-388. SAE 952735.
1982	Mertz HJ, Driscoll GD, Lenox JB, Nyquist GW, Weber DA. Responses of animals exposed to deployment of various passenger inflatable restraint system concepts for a variety of collision severities and animal positions. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.352-368.
1984	Mertz HJ. A procedure for normalizing impact response data. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 21-24, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-8. SAE 840884.
1997	Irwin A, Mertz HJ. Biomechanical basis for the CRABI and Hybrid III child dummies. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 973317.
1993	Mertz HJ. Anthropomorphic test devices. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1993:66-84.
1982	Mertz HJ, Weber DA. Interpretations of the impact responses of a 3-year-old child dummy relative to child injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.368-376.

Year	Entry
2015	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL. Anthropomorphic test devices and injury risk assessments. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:83-112.
2009	Hallman JJ, Brasel KJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Splenic trauma as an adverse effect of torso-protecting side airbags: biomechanical and case evidence. In: 53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 2009; Baltimore, MD.13-24.
2005	McNeill A, Haberl J, Holzner M, Schoeneburg R, Strutz T, Tautenhahn U. Current worldwide side impact activities: divergence versus harmonisation and the possible effect on future car design. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Schneider S, Niwa M, Koyama T, Tanase T, Sato Y, Sakamoto M, Asaoka M. Effectiveness of thorax & pelvis side airbag for improved side-impact protection. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Heudorfer B, Breuninger M, Karlbauer U, Kraft M, Maidel J. Roofbag: a concept study to provide enhanced protection for head and neck in case of rollover. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Newland C. International harmonised research activities side impact working group status report. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Louden AE. Side air bag out-of-position testing of recent model year vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2011	Balavich KM, Soderborg NR, Lange RC, Pearce H. Deployment characteristics of seat mounted side impact airbags. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Thomas S, Wiik R. Front center airbag inflation induced injury evaluations and results. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2009	Hallman J, Yoganandan N, Pintar F. Side airbag out-of-position deployments: thoracic injury to stationary and dynamic occupants. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.129-140.
2020	Björklund M, Risberg J, Laudon O, Jakobsson L. Development of a hand and forearm impact test method and a study on influencing factors. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.693-706.
2022	Pipkorn B, Forman J, Björklund M, Risberg J, Jakobsson L. Forearm impactor tests for development of injury risk assessment capability. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2022; Porto, Portugal.430-438.
2013	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Dalmotas D. Minimizing the injury potential of deploying airbag interactions with car occupants. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:v-xii.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.