The mechanical impedance of the human body in sitting and standing position at low frequencies

wbldb

Coermann, Rolf R.¹

The mechanical impedance of the human body in sitting and standing position at low frequencies

Hum Factors. October 1962;4(5):227-253

Affiliations

¹Biomedical Laboratory, Aerospace Medical Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio
Abstract

The theory of the mechanical impedance of systems with one or more degrees of freedom is applied to the human body. A method of measuring mechanical impedance and determining the parameters of the vibrating systems is developed. Impedance curves for longitudinal vibrations of a sitting and standing subject are established for the frequency range of 1 to 20 c/s. The influence of varied posture and restraining systems is investigated. Dynamic movements of body parts are measured, directly or indirectly, and compared with the impedance curves. The responsible elements in the body for the apparent resonances are identified. Correlations between the impedance function of the body and the subjective tolerance curve to vibration are found and the reasons for the tolerance limits are elucidated. The variability of subjective tolerances due to varying posture, restraining systems, cushions, duration of exposure and vibrations are discussed, and conclusions for the development of protective devices are drawn. The correlation between the steady state response of the human body system and the effects of impact is discussed.
Links

DOI: 10.1177/001872086200400502

PubMed: 14021944

WoS: A1962CGW8200001

Cited Works (1)

Year	Entry
1959	Eiband AM. Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Accelerations: A Summary of the Literature. Washington, DC: National Aeronatics and Space Administration; June 1959. NASA Memorandum 5-19-59E.

Cited By (39)

Year	Entry
2010	Fischer WR. Using the Continuous Wavelet Transform to Characterize Differences Between Impact Signals from Non-Cleated and Cleated Turf Shoes [Master's thesis]. Boise, ID: Boise State University; 2010.
1990	Griffin MJ. Handbook of Human Vibration. London, UK: Academic Press Limited; 1990.
2015	Stemper BD, Pintar FA, Baisden JL. Lumbar spine injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:451-470.
1970	Stapp JP. Voluntary human tolerance levels. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:308-349.
1971	Mertz HJ, Gadd CW. Thoracic tolerance to whole-body deceleration. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:135-157. SAE 710852.
2001	Matsumoto Y, Griffin MJ. Modelling the dynamic mechanisms associated with the principal resonance of the seated human body. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001;16(suppl 1):S31-S44.
2010	Abbas W, Abouelatta OB, El-Azab M, Elsaidy M, Megahed AA. Optimization of biodynamic seated human models using genetic algorithms. Engineering. September 2010;2(9):710-719.
2013	Tarabini M, Saggin B, Scaccabarozzi D, Gaviraghi D, Moschioni G. Apparent mass distribution at the feet of standing subjects exposed to whole-body vibration. Ergonomics. May 2013;56(5):842-855.
2014	Tarabini M, Solbiati S, Moschioni G, Saggin B, Scaccabarozzi D. Analysis of non-linear response of the human body to vertical whole-body vibration. Ergonomics. 2014;57(11):1711-1723.
2016	Tarabini M, Solbiati S, Saggin B, Scaccabarozzi D. Apparent mass matrix of standing subjects exposed to multi-axial whole-body vibration. Ergonomics. August 2016;59(8):1038-1049.
2021	Goggins KA, Chadefaux D, Tarabini M, Arsenault M, Lievers WB, Eger T. Four degree-of-freedom lumped parameter model of the foot-ankle system exposed to vertical vibration from 10 to 60 Hz with varying centre of pressure conditions. Ergonomics. 2021;64(8):1002-1017.
2008	Liang C-C, Chiang C-F. Modeling of a seated human body exposed to vertical vibrations in various automotive postures. Ind Health. April 2008;46(2):125-137.
2010	M-Pranesh A, Rakheja S, Demont R. Influence of support conditions on vertical whole-body vibration of the seated human body. Ind Health. September 2010;48(5):682-697.
1998	Boileau P-É, Rakheja S. Whole-body vertical biodynamic response characteristics of the seated vehicle driver: measurement and model development. Int J Ind Ergon. December 1, 1998;22(6):449-472.
2001	Cho Y, Yoon Y-S. Biomechanical model of human on seat with backrest for evaluating ride quality. Int J Ind Ergon. May 2001;27(5):331-345.
1989	Fairley TE, Griffin MJ. The apparent mass of the seated human body: vertical vibration. J Biomech. 1989;22(2):81-94.
1998	Kitazaki S, Griffin MJ. Resonance behaviour of the seated human body and effects of posture. J Biomech. February 1998;31(2):143-149.
1986	Panjabi MM, Andersson GB, Jorneus L, Hult E, Mattsson L. In vivo measurements of spinal column vibrations. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1986;68A(5):695-702.
1997	Kitazaki S, Griffin MJ. A modal analysis of whole-body vertical vibration, using a finite element model of the human body. J Sound Vibrat. February 13, 1997;200(1):83-103.
1998	Matsumoto Y, Griffin MJ. Dynamic response of the standing human body exposed to vertical vibration: influence of posture and vibration magnitude. J Sound Vibrat. April 23, 1998;212(1):85-107.
1998	Matsumoto Y, Griffin M. Movement of the upper-body of seated subjects exposed to vertical whole-body vibration at the principal resonance frequency. J Sound Vibrat. August 27, 1998;215(4):743-762.
1998	Harazin B, Grzesik J. The transmission of vertical whole-body vibration to the body segments of standing subjects. J Sound Vibrat. 1998;215(4):775-787.
1998	Boileau P-É, Wu X, Rakheja S. Definition of a range of idealized values to characterize seated body biodynamic response under vertical vibration. J Sound Vibrat. August 27, 1998;215(4):841-862.
1998	Paddan GS, Griffin MJ. A review of the transmission of translational seat vibration to the head. J Sound Vibrat. August 27, 1998;215(4):863-882.
2000	Matsumoto Y, Griffin MJ. Comparison of biodynamic responses in standing and seated human bodies. J Sound Vibrat. December 7, 2000;238(4):691-704.
2014	Książek MA, Tarnowski J. Experimental studies of the influence of human standing positions on the feet-to-head transmission of vibrations. J Theo Appl Mech. 2014;52(4):1107-1114.
1995	Boileau P-E. A Study of Secondary Suspensions and Human Driver Response to Whole-Body Vehicular Vibration and Shock [PhD thesis]. Concordia University; March 1995.
2011	Madakashira-Pranesh A. Experimental and Analytical Study of Transmission of Whole-Body Vibration to Segments of the Seated Human Body [PhD thesis]. Concordia University; March 2011.
2006	Li L. The Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Position Sense and Dynamic Low Back Stability [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2006.
2010	Hanumanthareddygari V. Neuromotor Response to Whole Body Vibration Transmissibility in the Horizontal Direction and Its Mathematical Model [Master's thesis]. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 2010.
2019	Goggins KA. Measuring and Modelling Human Response to Foot-Transmitted Vibration Exposure [PhD thesis]. Sudbury, ON: Laurentian University; 2019.
1982	Sandover J. Measurement of the Frequency Response Characteristics of Man Exposed to Vibration [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University of Technology; October 1982.
2015	Solbiati S. Human Body Response to Multi-Axial Dynamical Vibrations [PhD thesis]. Milano, Italy: Politecnico Di Milano; January 2015.
2019	Maugeri S. Modelling the Response of the Human Feet to Vertical Whole-Body Vibration [Master's thesis]. Lecco, Italy: Politecnico Di Milano; 2019.
1984	Valiant GA. A Determination of the Mechanical Characteristics of the Human Heel Pad in Vivo [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; May 1984.
2002	Giacomin JA. An Experimental Investigation of the Vibrational Comfort of Child Safety Seats [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; December 2002.
1991	Paddan GS. Transmission of Vibration Through the Human Body to the Head [PhD thesis]. University of Southampton; 1991.
1999	Matsumoto Y. Dynamic Response of Standing and Seated Persons to Whole-Body Vibration: Principal Resonance of the Body [PhD thesis]. Southampton, England: University of Southampton; June 1999.
1992	Butler BP. Helmeted Head and Neck Dynamics Under Whole-Body Vibration [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1992.