This study examine the responses of 126 human cadaver and 222 Hybrid III dummy femurs undergoing dynamic axial impact.

First, for human cadaver leg impacts, applied femur force alone was shown to do a good job of separating injury from non-injury. The combination of applied femur force and femur force rise time also was investigated.

Second, 191 Hybrid III femur responses in vehicle collisions were explored. For belt and air bag restrained occupants, it was found that the Hybrid III femur fdata points fall in the non-injury region for the human cadaver leg. The few data points which fall in the injury region are from vehicle collisions in which there was substantial intrusion of the firewall and instrument panel.

For seven separate laboratory test conditions of human cadaver patella-femur-pelvis impact, femur-force-versus-time corridors were constructed for mass scaled cadavers. The Hybrid III response was overlaid on the cadaver corridor to show the extent to which the Hybrid III mimics the human cadaver. Impulse-versus-time cadaver corridorrs and Hybrid III impulse-versus-time overlays were also constructed.

In a final step, the Hybrid III femur response was examine relative to human cadaver injury. In six of the seven laboratory test conditions, the Hybrid III predicted injury for the injured cadavers and non-injuryfor the non-injured cadavers. One set of sled experiments —in which the cadver femur and the Hyribd III femur may not respond the same— was discussed.