Discussion of

Svensson, Mats Y.

The present study was carried out with the best crash test dummy currently available (Hybrid III) equipped with good instrumentation and the data were compared to established injury criteria. The biofidelity of the Hybrid III dummy neck is however questionable and this influences the validity of the results of this study. Results from recent studies, regarding sites and mechanisms of neck injuries implicate that neck collars, in order to have good effect, have to interfere with the forward translational and forward angular headneck motion early on in the crash event.

Year

Entry

1993

Svensson MY, Aldman B, Hansson HA, Lövsund P, Seeman T, Suneson A, Örtengren T. Pressure effects in the spinal canal during whiplash extension motion: a possible cause of injury to the cervical spinal ganglia. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.189-200.

1988

Maimaris C, Barnes MR, Allen MJ. "Whiplash injuries" of the neck: a retrospective study. Injury. November 1988;19(6):393-396.

1989

Mendis K, Stalnaker RL, Pritz HB. Multi-directional dummy neck prototype. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.645-649.

1986

Seemann MR, Muzzy WH III, Lustick LS. Comparison of human and Hybrid III head and neck dynamic response. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:291-311. SAE 861892.

1994

Eppinger R, Kleinberger M, Morgan R, Khaewpong N, Bandak F, Haffner M. Advanced injury criteria and crash evaluation techniques. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.144-152.