Acceleration-deceleration injuries of the cervical spine in animals

Wickstrom, Jack; Martinez, John L.; Johnston, David; Tappen, Neil C.

Affiliations

¹The Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana

²Tulane University College of Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana

Abstract

The effects of rapid acceleration-deceleration on the head and neck of experimental animals subjected to forces of varying magnitude and for varying periods of time have been studied with several objectives: To determine the characteristic pattern of motion of the head and neck produced by such forces; to ascertain the resultant pathologic changes in the head and neck, and, to correlate different acceleration time-pulse shapes with the site and type of pathologic change produced.

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1955	Severy DM, Mathewson JH, Bechtol CO. Controlled automobile rearend collisions, an investigation of related engineering and medical phenomena. Can Serv Med J. November 1955;11(10):727-759.
1956	Gotten N. Survey of one hundred cases of whiplash injury after settlement of litigation. JAMA. October 27, 1956;162(9):865-867.

Cited By (12)

Year	Entry
1994	Barnsley L, Lord S, Bogduk N. Whiplash injury. Pain. September 1994;58(3):283-307.
1968	Severy DM, Brink HM, Baird JD. Backrest and head restraint design for rear-end collision protection. In: Proceedings of the SAE Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition. January 8-12, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 680079.
1973	States JD. Trauma evaluation needs. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:3-16.
1970	Patrick LM, Sato TB. Methods of establishing human tolerance levels: cadaver and animal research and clinical observations. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:259-273.
1972	Goldsmith W. Biomechanics of head injury. In: Fung YC, Perrone N, Anliker M, eds. Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives. Symposium on Biomechanics, its Foundations and Objectives; July 29-31, 1970. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Inc., Prentice-Hall International; 1972:585-634.
1971	Roca PD. Ocular manifestations of whiplash injuries. In: 15th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 20-23, 1971; Colorado Springs, CO.308-319.
1967	Severy DM, Brink HM, Baird JD. Study of seat and head-support performance during full-scale rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:337-405. SAE 670921.
1999	Winkelstein BA, Nightingale RW, Richardson WJ, Myers BS. Cervical facet joint mechanics: its application to whiplash injury. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:243-252. SAE 99SC15.
1968	Ommaya AK, Faas F, Yarnell P. Whiplash injury and brain damage: an experimental study. JAMA. April 22, 1968;204(4):285-289.
1978	Huelke DF, Mendelsohn RA, States JD, Melvin JW. Cervical fractures and fracture-dislocations sustained without head impact. J Trauma. 1978;18(7):533-538.
2000	Winkelstein BA, Nightingale RW, Richardson WJ, Myers BS. The cervical facet capsule and its role in whiplash injury: a biomechanical investigation. Spine. May 15, 2000;25(10):1238-1246.
1999	Winkelstein BA. A Mechanical Basis for Whiplash Injury: The Cervical Facet Joint, Spinal Motion Segment, and Combined Loading [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 1999.