Intracranial injuries of fatally injured pedestrians: a contribution to the establishment of tolerance limits

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Auer, C.¹; Beier, G.¹; Schuller, E.¹

Intracranial injuries of fatally injured pedestrians: a contribution to the establishment of tolerance limits

Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Institut fir Rechtsmedizin der Universität München
Abstract

The concern of this paper is the study of mechanical tolerance limits of intracranial injuries, i.e., epidural, subdural, subarachnoidal, coup and contre-coup contusions and brain lacerations, by the investigation of real world accidents.

Twenty-five fatal pedestrian accidents have been analysed with respect to pedestrian kinematics, head impact velocity, contact area, and mechanical loading as related to sustained head injuries. From this analysis, upper and lower tolerance limits are defined: Above a mean acceleration of 250 g subarachnoidal hematoma, above 300 g subdural hematoma, brain lacerations, and contre-coup contusions were regularly observed. Due to uncertainties in reconstruction and analysis, values marking the amount of loading below which these injuries were never observed are rather low and range between 20 and 80 g for long pulse durations (20-40 ms).

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