Analysis of bending behavior of native and engineered auricular and costal cartilage

Roy, Rani<sup>1</sup>; Kohles, Sean S.<sup>2</sup>; Zaporojan, Victor<sup>1</sup>; Peretti, Giuseppe M.<sup>3</sup>; Randolph, Mark A.<sup>3</sup>; Xu, Jianwei<sup>3</sup>; Bonassar, Lawrence J.<sup>1,4</sup>

Affiliations

¹Center for Tissue Engineering, One Biotech, Suite 190, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01602

²Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts

³Division of Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

⁴Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Abstract and keywords

A large-deflection elasticity model was used to describe the mechanical behavior of cartilaginous tissues during three-point bending tests. Force-deflection curves were measured for 20-mm long × 4-mm wide × ≈1-mm thick strips of porcine auricular and costal cartilage. Using a least-squares method with elastic modulus in bending as the only adjustable parameter, data were fit to a model based on the von Karman theory for large deflection of plates. This model described the data well, with an average RMS error of 14.8% and an average R2 value of 0.98. Using this method, the bending modulus of auricular cartilage (4.6 MPa) was found to be statistically lower (p < 0.05) than that of costal cartilage (7.1 MPa). Material features of the cartilage samples influenced the mechanical behavior, including the orientation of the perichondrium in auricular cartilage. These methods also were used to determine the elastic moduli of engineered cartilage samples produced by seeding chondrocytes into fibrin glue. The modulus of tissue-engineered constructs increased statistically with time (p < 0.05), but still were statistically lower than the moduli of the native tissue samples (p > 0.05), reaching only about a third of the values of native samples.

Keywords: auricular cartilage; tissue engineering; biomechanics; soft‐tissue deformation; large‐deflection bending

Links

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10068

PubMed: 14986315

WoS: 000189277600001

History

Received: 2002-09-30

Revised: 2003-01-14

Accepted: 2003-01-31

Online: 2004-01-12

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Cited By (16)

Year	Entry
2007	Zhao JZ, Narwani G. Biomechanical analysis of hard tissue responses and injuries with finite element full human body model. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
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2008	Lau A, Oyen ML, Kent RW, Murakami D, Torigaki T. Indentation stiffness of aging human costal cartilage. Acta Biomater. 2008;4(1):97-103.
2015	Kindig M, Li Z, Kent R, Subit D. Effect of intercostal muscle and costovertebral joint material properties on human ribcage stiffness and kinematics. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2015;18(4):556-570.
2011	Forman JL, Kent RW. Modeling costal cartilage using local material properties with consideration for gross heterogeneities. J Biomech. March 15, 2011;44(5):910-916.
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2006	Mattice JM, Lau AG, Oyen ML, Kent RW. Spherical indentation load-relaxation of soft biological tissues. J Mater Res. August 2006;21(8):2003-2010.
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2015	Nimeskern LG. Functional Characterization of Auricular Cartilage in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2015.
2014	Murphy MK. Engineering Functional Cartilage for the Temporomandibular Joint [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2014.
2010	Williams GM. Biophysical and Biochemical Regulation of the Shape, Size, and Maturity of Calf Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2010.
2009	Forman J. The Structural Characteristics of the Costal Cartilage: The Roles of Calcification and the Perichondrium, and the Representation of the Costal Cartilage in Finite Element Models of the Human Body [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2009.
2009	Kindig MM. Tolerance to Failure and Geometric Influences on the Stiffness of Human Ribs Under Anterior-Posterior Loading [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; December 2009.
2009	Tripathy S. An Indentation Study of Costal Cartilage Using Atomic Force Microscopy [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2009.
2006	Lau AG. Development of a Microstructural Homogenization Model for Calcifying Cartilage Using the Generalized Method of Cells [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2006.