Pediatric rotational inertial brain injury: the relative influence of brain size and mechanical properties

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Prange, Michael T.¹; Kiralyfalvi, Gyorgy¹; Margulies, Susan S.¹

Pediatric rotational inertial brain injury: the relative influence of brain size and mechanical properties

Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹University of Pennsylvania
Abstract

Head injury is the most common cause of death and acquired disability in childhood. We seek to determine the influence of brain mechanical properties on inertial pediatric brain injury. Large deformation material properties of porcine pediatric and adult brain tissue were measured and represented by a first-order Ogden hyperelastic viscoelastic constitutive model. A 3-D finite element mesh was created of a mid-coronal slice of the brain and skull of a human adult and child (2 weeks old). Three finite element models were constructed: (1) a pediatric mesh with pediatric brain properties, (2) a pediatric mesh with adult tissue properties, and (3) an adult mesh with adult tissue properties. The skull was modeled as a rigid solid and an angular acceleration was applied in the coronal plane with center at C4/C5. The brain is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. A fourth simulation was analyzed using the adult mesh and adult material properties with a reduced load as proposed by Ommaya (Ommaya et al, 1967). Peak maximum principal logarithmic strains (LEP3) were determined in each of the simulations. Overall, brain size and material properties both affected the intracranial tissue deformation field, with brain size having the greater influence. On average, strains in pediatric and adult models produced by loads scaled using Ommaya's relationship (1967) were similar, when material properties were assumed to remain constant. When experimentally obtained material properties of adult and pediatric brain tissue were used in the simulations, the scaled loads produced larger strains in the adult model than the pediatric model.
Links

SAE: 99SC23

Cited Works (16)

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Cited By (14)

Year	Entry
2000	Prange M, Meaney DF, Margulies SS. Defining brain mechanical properties: effects of region, direction, and species. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:205-213. SAE 2000-01-SC15.
2002	Klinich KD, Hulbert GM, Schneider LW. Estimating infant head injury criteria and impact response using crash reconstruction and finite element modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:165-194. SAE 2002-22-0009.
2009	Fijalkowski RJ, Yoganandan N, Zhang J, Pintar FA. A finite element model of region-specific response for mild diffuse brain injury. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:193-213. SAE 2009-22-0007.
2008	Roth S, Raul J-S, Willinger R. Biofidelic child head FE model to simulate real world trauma. Comput Methods Prog Biomed. June 2008;90(3):262-274.
2007	Franklyn M, Peiris S, Huber C, Yang KH. Pediatric material properties: a review of human child and animal surrogates. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2007;35(3-4):197-342.
2002	Kleiven S, von Holst H. Consequences of head size following trauma to the human head. J Biomech. 2002;35(2):153-160.
2002	Prange MT, Margulies SS. Regional, directional, and age-dependent properties of the brain undergoing large deformation. J Biomech Eng. 2002;124(2):244-252.
2002	Kleiven S. Finite Element Modeling of the Human Head [PhD thesis]. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology; 2002.
2010	Delye H. Better Bicycle Head Protection by Improving the Knowledge of the Biomechanics of Head Injuries [PhD thesis]. Leuven, Belgium: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; March 2010.
2008	Fijalkowski RJ. Rotational Acceleration Pulse Characteristics Affect Mild Diffuse Brain Injury Severity [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; May 2008.
2006	Klinich KD. Estimating Infant Head Injury Tolerance and Impact Response [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2006.
2002	Prange MT. Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Infant [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2002.
2009	Eucker SA. Effect of Head Rotation Direction on Closed Head Injury in Neonatal Piglets [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2009.
2012	Wagner CD. Computational Simulation of Skull Fracture Patterns in Pediatric Subjects Using a Porcine Model [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2012.