Summary of IHRA pedestrian safety WG activities (2003):​ proposed test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection afforded by passenger cars

Mizuno, Yoshiuki<sup>1</sup>

Year	Entry
2015	Simms CK, Wood D, Fredriksson R. Pedestrian injury biomechanics and protection. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:721-753.
2005	Ivarsson BJ, Henary B, Crandall JR, Longhitano D. Significance of adult pedestrian torso injury. In: 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 2005; Boston, MA.263-277.
2005	Matsui Y, Tanahashi M. Durability over time of skin used for JAMA–JARI pedestrian headform impactor measured by biofidelity certification testing. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Youn Y, Kim S, Oh C, Shin M, Lee C. Research and rule-making activities on pedestrian protection in Korea. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Vezin P, Verriest JP. Development of a set of numerical human models for safety. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Konosu A, Issiki T, Tanahashi M, Suzuki H. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor type GT (Flex-GT). In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Burke C, Stadter G, Grabowski J, Fakhry S, Fredriksson R, Nentwich M. Pedestrian head impact: what determines the likelihood and wrap around distance? In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S. Effect of muscle contraction on knee loading for a standing pedestrian in lateral impacts. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Belingardi G, Scattina A, Gobetto E. Development of an hybrid hood to improve pedestrian safety in case of vehicle impact. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Kerrigan J, Arregui C, Crandall J. Pedestrian head impact dynamics: comparison of dummy and PMHS in small sedan and large SUV impacts. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Feist F, Gugler J, Arregui-Dalmases C, del Pozo de Dios E, López-Valdés F, Deck C, Willinger R. Pedestrian collisions with flat-fronted vehicles: injury patterns and importance of rotational accelerations as a predictor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Malhotra R. Effect of muscle contraction in low speed car-pedestrian impact: simulations for walking posture. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2004	Ivarsson J, Lessley D, Kerrigan J, Bhalla K, Bose D, Crandall J, Kent R. Dynamic response corridors and injury thresholds of the pedestrian lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.179-191.
2007	Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Soni A, Malhotra R. Effect of active muscle forces on knee injury risks for pedestrian standing posture at low speed impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.95-112.
2007	Ito O, Okamoto M, Takahashi Y, Mori F, Meissner MU, Untaroiu CD, Crandall JR. Validation of a human FE lower limb model for a child pedestrian against accident data. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.367-370.
2007	Mordaka J, Kleiven S, van Schijndel-de Nooij M, de Lange R, Guerra Casanova LJ, Carter EL, von Holst H. The importance of rotational kinematics in pedestrian head to windshield impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.83-94.
2008	Kerrigan J, Parent D, Untaroiu C, Crandall J, Deng B. A new detailed multi-body model of the pedestrian lower extremity: development and preliminary validation. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.227-242.
2009	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Malhotra R. Effect of muscle contraction in high speed car-pedestrian impact – simulations for walking posture. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.237-249.
2011	Peng Y, Deck C, Yang J, Cesari D, Willinger R. Adult and child pedestrian head impact condition as a function of vehicle front end geometry. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.277-281.
2012	Lyons M, Simms CK. Predicting the influence of windscreen design on pedestrian head injuries. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.703-716.
2012	Anderson RWG, Searson DJ, Hutchinson TP. Integrating the assessment of pedestrian safety in vehicles with collision detection and mitigation systems. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.751-760.
2013	Soni A, Robert T, Beillas P. Effects of pedestrian pre‐crash reactions on crash outcomes during multi‐body simulations. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.762-776.
2017	Kunitomi S, Yamamoto Y, Kato R, Antona‐Makoshi J, Konosu A, Dokko Y, Yasuki T. The development of the lower extremity of a human FE model and the influence of anatomical detailed modelling in vehicle‐to‐pedestrian impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.469-493.
2005	Ivarsson BJ, Kerrigan JR, Lessley DJ, Drinkwater DC, Kam CY, Murphy DB, Crandall JR, Kent RW. Dynamic response corridors of the human thigh and leg in non-midpoint three-point bending. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0305.
2008	Kerrigan J, Rudd R, Subit D, Untaroiu C, Crandall J. Pedestrian lower extremity response and injury: a small sedan vs. a large sport utility vehicle. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 14-17, 2008; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2008-01-1245.
2003	Snedeker JG, Muser MH, Walz FH. Assessment of pelvis and upper leg injury risk in car-pedestrian collisions: comparison of accident statistics, impactor tests and a human body finite element model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:437-457. SAE 2003-22-0019.
2003	Van Hoof J, De Lange R, Wismans JSHM. Improving pedestrian safety using numerical human models. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:401-436. SAE 2003-22-0018.
2007	Untaroiu C, Kerrigan J, Kam C, Crandall J, Yamazaki K, Fukuyama K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T, Funk J. Correlation of strain and loads measured in the long bones with observed kinematics of the lower limb during vehicle-pedestrian impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:433-466. SAE 2007-22-0018.
2012	Searson DJ, Hutchinson TP, Anderson RWG. From crash test speed to performance in real world conditions: a conceptual model and its application to underhood clearance in pedestrian head tests. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:485-496.
2012	Kerrigan J, Arregui-Dalmases C, Crandall J. Assessment of pedestrian head impact dynamics in small sedan and large SUV collisions. Int J Crashworthiness. 2012;17(3):243-258.
2009	Untaroiu CD, Meissner MU, Crandall JR, Takahashi Y, Okamoto M, Ito O. Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques. Int J Impact Eng. February 2009;36(2):210-219.
2008	Bose D, Bhalla KS, Untaroiu CD, Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Hurwitz S. Injury tolerance and moment response of the knee joint to combined valgus bending and shear loading. J Biomech Eng. June 2008;130(3):031008.
2010	Untaroiu CD, Crandall JR, Takahashi Y, Okamoto M, Ito O, Fredriksson R. Analysis of running child pedestrians impacted by a vehicle using rigid-body models and optimization techniques. Safety Sci. February 2010;48(2):259-267.
2009	Kerrigan JR, Parent DP, Untaroiu C, Crandall JR, Deng B. A new approach to multibody model development: pedestrian lower extremity. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(4):386-397.
2008	Kerrigan JR. A Computationally Efficient Mathematical Model of the Pedestrian Lower Extremity [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2008.
2017	Chen H. Evaluating Pedestrian Head Sub-System Test Procedure Against Full-Scale Vehicle-Pedestrian Impact Using Numerical Models [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2017.
2023	Grindle DM. Protection of Standing and Seated Pedestrians Using Finite Element Analysis [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 27, 2023.

Year	Entry
1996	Isenberg RA, Walz M, Chidester C, Kaufman R. Pedestrian crash data study: an interim evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1396-1407.
1989	Kajzer J, Aldman B, Mellander H, Planath I, Jonasson K. Bumper system evaluation using an experimental pedestrian dummy. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.1246-1253.
1998	Isenberg RA, Chidester AB, Mavros S. Update on the pedestrian crash data study. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1212-1225.
1988	Kallieris D, Schmidt G. New aspects of pedestrian protection loading and injury pattern in simulated pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:185-196. SAE 881725.