Mechanical properties of cranial bone

McElhaney, James H.; Fogle, John L.<sup>1</sup>; Melvin, John W.; Haynes, Russell R.<sup>1</sup>; Roberts, Verne L.; Alem, Nabih M.

Year	Entry
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2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
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2002	Müller R. The Zürich experience: one decade of three-dimensional high-resolution computed tomography. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;13(5):307-322.
2002	Ommaya AK, Goldsmith W, Thibault L. Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury. Br J Radiol. June 2002;16(3):220-242.
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2015	Arbogast KB, Maltese MR. Pediatric biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:643-696.
1993	Thom DR, Hurt HH Jr. Basilar skull fractures in fatal motorcycle crashes. In: 37th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 4-6, 1993; San Antonio, TX.61-76.
1998	Kleinberger M, Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S. Biomechanical considerations for child occupant protection. In: 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1998; Charlottesville, VA.115-136.
2007	Kleiven S. A parametric study of energy absorbing foams for head injury prevention. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2004	Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Stitzel JD, Duma SM, Matsuoka F, Hasegawa J. Methods for dynamic material testing of human cortical bone specimens. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.31-42.
1994	Krabbel G, Ikels K, Rodemann T, Appel H. Finite element simulation of deformation characteristics of the human skull. In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.39-49.
1994	Schueler F, Zimmer G, Min J, Mattern R. Assessment of mechanical properties of the human skull-cap through basic biomechanical tests and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.23-37.
1999	Thibault KL, Kurtz SM, Runge CF, Giddings VL, Thibault LE. Material properties of the infant skull and application to numerical analysis of pediatric head injury. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.73-82.
2003	Coats B, Margulies SS. Characterization of pediatric porcine skull properties during impact. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.
2006	Verschueren P, Delye H, Berckmans D, Verpoest I, Goffin J, Vander Sloten J, Van der Perre G. Analysis of fracture characteristics of cranial bone for FE modelling. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.357-360.
2007	Mordaka J, Kleiven S, van Schijndel-de Nooij M, de Lange R, Guerra Casanova LJ, Carter EL, von Holst H. The importance of rotational kinematics in pedestrian head to windshield impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.83-94.
2010	Motherway JA, Verschueren P, Van der Perre G, Vander Sloten J, Gilchrist MD. The mechanical properties cranial bone. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 15-17, 2010; Hannover, Germany.131-134.
2012	Fahlstedt M, Baeck K, Halldin P, Vander Sloten J, Goffin J, Depreitere B, Kleiven S. Influence of impact velocity and angle in a detailed reconstruction of a bicycle accident. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.787-799.
2013	Boruah S, Henderson K, Subit D, Salzar RS, Shender BS, Paskoff G. Response of human skull bone to dynamic compressive loading. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.497-508.
2014	Sahoo D, Deck C, Yoganandan N, Willinger R. Composite FE human skull model validation and development of skull fracture criteria. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.106-118.
2016	Ghosh P, Mayer C, Deck C, Bourdet N, Meyer F, Willinger R, Bensler H, Weber J. Head injury risk assessment in pedestrian impacts on small electric vehicles using coupled SUFEHM‐THUMS human body models running in different crash codes. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.490-502.
2020	Eckersley CP, Op ‘t Eynde J, Abrams MZ, Yu AW, Li M, Yao J, Bass CR. Acoustic detection of blunt-induced cavitation in the head. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.709-722.
2020	Adanty K, Tronchin O, Bhagavathula KB, Rabey KN, Doschak MR, Romanyk D, Hogan JD, Ouellet S, Plaisted TA, Satapathy SS, Dennison CR. On the ability of morphometric indices of skull diploë to explain variation in bone fracture force and fracture strain in four-point bending: a preliminary step toward a simulant fracture model. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.821-822.
2010	Motherway JA, Gilchrist MD. The impact response of cranial bone. In: Proceedings of the 6th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 16-18, 2010; Columbus, OH.
2002	Klinich KD, Hulbert GM, Schneider LW. Estimating infant head injury criteria and impact response using crash reconstruction and finite element modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:165-194. SAE 2002-22-0009.
2002	Zhang L, Bae J, Hardy WN, Monson KL, Manley GT, Goldsmith W, Yang KH, King AI. Computational study of the contribution of the vasculature on the dynamic response of the brain. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:145-164. SAE 2002-22-0008.
2006	Dibb AT, Nightingale RW, Chancey VC, Fronheiser LE, Tran L, Ottaviano D, Myers BS. Comparative structural neck responses of the THOR-NT, Hybrid III, and human in combined tension-bending and pure bending. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:567-581. SAE 2006-22-0021.
2007	Coats B, Margulies SS, Ji S. Parametric study of head impact in the infant. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:1-15. SAE 2007-22-0001.
2009	Zhang J, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, Son SF. Experimental study of blast-induced traumatic brain injury using a physical head model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:215-227. SAE 2009-22-0008.
2015	Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Urban JE, Jones DA, Stitzel JD, Hwang E, Reed MP, Rupp JD. Development and validation of an older occupant finite element model of a mid-sized male for investigation of age-related injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2015;59:359-383.
2016	Hwang E, Hu J, Chen C, Klein KF, Miller CS, Reed MP, Rupp JD, Hallman JJ. Development, evaluation, and sensitivity analysis of parametric finite element whole-body human models in side impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2016;60:473-508.
1980	Carter DR, Schwab GH, Spengler DM. Tensile fracture of cancellous bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51(5):733-741.
2012	Panzer MB, Myers BS, Capehart BP, Bass CR. Development of a finite element model for blast brain injury and the effects of CSF cavitation. Ann Biomed Eng. July 2012;40(7):1530-1544.
1997	Odgaard A. Three-dimensional methods for quantification of cancellous bone architecture. Bone. 1997;20(4):315-328.
2006	Thurner PJ, Wyss P, Voide R, Stauber M, Stampanoni M, Sennhauser U, Müller R. Time-lapsed investigation of three-dimensional failure and damage accumulation in trabecular bone using synchrotron light. Bone. August 2006;39(2):289-299.
2021	Adanty K, Rabey KN, Doschak MR, Bhagavathula KB, Hogan JD, Romanyk DL, Adeeb S, Ouellet S, Plaisted TA, Satapathy SS, Dennison CR. Cortical and trabecular morphometric properties of the human calvarium. Bone. July 2021;148:115931.
2018	Zhao S, Arnold M, Ma S, Abel RL, Cobb JP, Hansen U, Boughton O. Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone. Bone Joint Res. August 2018;7(8):524-538.
1993	Martin B. Aging and strength of bone as a structural material. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S34-S40.
2020	Huang Z, Nie Y, Li Y. Microstructural modeling and multiscale mechanical properties analysis of cancellous bone. CMC-Comput Mater Con. 2020;62(1):245-265.
2007	Thurner PJ, Erickson B, Jungmann R, Schriock Z, Weaver JC, Fantner GE, Schitter G, Morse DE, Hansma PK. High-speed photography of compressed human trabecular bone correlates whitening to microscopic damage. Eng Fract Mech. 2007;74(12):1928-1941.
1987	Goldstein SA. The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: dependence on anatomic location and function. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1055-1061.
1988	Schaffler MB, Burr DB. Stiffness of compact bone: effects of porosity and density. J Biomech. 1988;21(1):13-16.
1989	Odgaard A, Hvid I, Linde F. Compressive axial strain distributions in cancellous bone specimens. J Biomech. 1989;22(8-9):829-835.
1989	Fazzalari NL, Crisp DJ, Vernon-Roberts B. Mathematical modelling of trabecular bone structure: the evaluation of analytical and quantified surface to volume relationships in the femoral head and iliac crest. J Biomech. 1989;22(8-9):901-910.
1990	Jaslow CR. Mechanical properties of cranial sutures. J Biomech. 1990;23(4):313-321.
1990	Sharp DJ, Tanner KE, Bonfield W. Measurement of the density of trabecular bone. J Biomech. 1990;23(8):853-857.
1994	Guo X-DE, McMahon TA, Keaveny TM, Hayes WC, Gibson LJ. Finite element modeling of damage accumulation in trabecular bone under cyclic loading. J Biomech. February 1994;27(2):145-155.
1994	Keller TS. Predicting the compressive mechanical behavior of bone. J Biomech. September 1994;27(9):1159-1168.
1999	Camacho DLA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. Surface friction in near-vertex head and neck impact increases risk of injury. J Biomech. March 1999;32(3):293-301.
2001	Lapeer RJ, Prager RW. Fetal head moulding: finite element analysis of a fetal skull subjected to uterine pressures during the first stage of labour. J Biomech. September 2001;34(9):1125-1133.
2002	Kleiven S, von Holst H. Consequences of head size following trauma to the human head. J Biomech. 2002;35(2):153-160.
2009	Motherway JA, Verschueren P, Van der Perre G, Vander Sloten J, Gilchrist MD. The mechanical properties of cranial bone: the effect of loading rate and cranial sampling position. J Biomech. September 18, 2009;42(13):2129-2135.
1998	Nishimoto T, Murakami S. Relation between diffuse axonal injury and internal head structures on blunt impact. J Biomech Eng. February 1998;120(1):140-147.
2000	Margulies SS, Thibault KL. Infant skull and suture properties: measurements and implications for mechanisms of pediatric brain injury. J Biomech Eng. August 2000;122(4):364-371.
2001	Camacho DLA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. The influence of surface padding properties on head and neck injury risk. J Biomech Eng. October 2001;123(5):432-439.
2013	Mao H, Zhang L, Jiang B, Genthikatti VV, Jin X, Zhu F, Makwana R, Gill A, Jandir G, Singh A, Yang KH. Development of a finite element human head model partially validated with thirty five experimental cases. J Biomech Eng. November 2013;135(11):111002.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1977;59A(7):954-962.
2019	Alexander SL, Gunnarsson CA, Weerasooriya T. Influence of the mesostructure on the compressive mechanical response of adolescent porcine cranial bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. August 2019;96:96-107.
2020	Zhai X, Nauman EA, Moryl D, Lycke R, Chen WW. The effects of loading-direction and strain-rate on the mechanical behaviors of human frontal skull bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. March 2020;103:103597.
2020	Wu Q, Yang C, Ohrndorf A, Christ H-J, Han J, Xiong J. Impact behaviors of human skull sandwich cellular bones: theoretical models and simulation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. April 2020;104:103669.
2021	Brown AD, Rafaels KA, Weerasooriya T. Shear behavior of human skull bones. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. April 2021;116:104343.
1995	Bandak FA, Vander Vorst MJ, Stuhmiller LM, Mlakar PF, Chilton WE, Stuhmiller JH. An imaging-based computational and experimental study of skull fracture: finite element model development. J Neurotrauma. August 1995;12(4):679-688.
2001	Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. Comparison of brain responses between frontal and lateral impacts by finite element modeling. J Neurotrauma. 2001;18(1):21-30.
2006	Coats B, Margulies SS. Material properties of human infant skull and suture at high rates. J Neurotrauma. August 2006;23(8):1222-1232.
1989	Mente PL, Lewis JL. Experimental method for the measurement of the elastic modulus of trabecular bone tissue. J Orthop Res. 1989;7(3):456-461.
1990	Keller TS, Mao Z, Spengler DM. Young's modulus, bending strength, and tissue physical properties of human compact bone. J Orthop Res. 1990;8(4):592-603.
1995	Müller R, Rüegsegger P. Three-dimensional finite element modelling of non-invasively assessed trabecular bone structures. Med Eng Phys. March 1995;17(2):126-133.
1997	Nicholson PHF, Cheng XG, Lowet G, Boonen S, Davie MWJ, Dequeker J, Van der Perre G. Structural and material mechanical properties of human vertebral cancellous bone. Med Eng Phys. October 1997;19(8):729-737.
2020	Zapata U, Wang Q. Material properties of the skull layers of the primate parietal bone: a single-subject study. PLoS One. March 3, 2020;15(3):e0229244.
2001	Birnbaum K, Sindelar R, Gärtner JR, Wirtz DC. Material properties of trabecular bone structures. Surg Radiol Anat. 2001;23(6):399-407.
2000	Kleinberger M, Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S. Review: biomechanics of child occupant protection. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 2000;2(1):63-73.
2018	Chen JTH. Alterations in Bone Tissue Properties With Parathyroid Hormone Treatment [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 2018.
1998	Camacho DLA. Dynamic Response of the Head and Cervical Spine to Near-Vertex Head Impact: An Experimental and Computational Study [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 1998.
2005	Chancey VC. Strength of the Human Neck: Understanding the Contributions of the Ligamentous and Muscular Spine in Tension and Bending [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2005.
2011	Dibb AT. Pediatric Head and Neck Dynamic Response: A Computational Study [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2012	Panzer MB. Numerical Simulation of Primary Blast Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 2012.
2019	Yu AW. Blast-Induced Neurotrauma and the Cavitation Mechanism of Injury [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2019.
2021	Eckersley C. Cavitation in Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2021.
2005	Stauber M. Volumetric Spatial Decomposition of Porous Microstructures: A Framework for Element Based Analysis of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2005.
2007	Voide R. Functional Phenotyping of Bone: A Hierarchical Assessment of Bone Failure Characteristics [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2007.
1993	Guo X-DE. Fatigue of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; 1993.
2010	Feng L. Multi-Scale Characterization of Swine Femoral Cortical Bone and Long Bone Defect Repair by Regeneration [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2010.
2002	Kleiven S. Finite Element Modeling of the Human Head [PhD thesis]. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology; 2002.
2009	Verschueren P. Biomechanical Analysis of Head Injuries Related to Bicycle Accidents and a New Bicycle Helmet Concept [PhD thesis]. Leuven, Belgium: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; July 2009.
1986	Cheal EJ. Trabecular Bone Remodeling Around Implants [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 1986.
2007	Balakrishnan A. Development of Novel Dynamic Indentation Techniques for Soft Tissue Applications [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 2007.
2009	Baumer TG. Material Property Documentation and Fracture Analyses of the Developing Skull [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2009.
2004	Pilcher WA. High Strain Rate Testing of Bovine Trabecular Bone [Master's thesis]. University of Notre Dame; April 2004.
1992	Jung S. Development of Translational Head Injury Model (THIM) and Translational Energy Criteria (TEC) of Child [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 1992.
2010	Herwig KJ. High Rate Properties of Porcine Skull Bone Tissue [Master's thesis]. Purdue University; August 2010.
2023	Li Y. Toward a Biofidelic and Repeatable Physical Head-Brain Model for Application in Blunt Impact [PhD thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; 2023.
1998	Kopperdahl DL. Structural Consequences of Damage on the Mechanical Behavior of the Human Vertebral Body [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 1998.
2002	Beardsley CL. Development of Quantitative Measures for Bone Comminution Severity [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; May 2002.
2006	Klinich KD. Estimating Infant Head Injury Tolerance and Impact Response [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2006.
1997	Thibault KL. Pediatric Head Injuries: The Influence of Brain and Skull Mechanical Properties [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; May 1997.
2007	Coats B. Mechanics of Head Impact in Infants [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2007.
2011	Johnson RC. Mesh Development of an Infant Finite Element Model for Predicting Skull Fracture and Intracranial Hemorrhage in Children from Low Height Falls [Master's thesis]. University of Utah; December 2011.
2016	Boruah S. A Viscoelastic Model for High Strain Rate Loading of the Human Calvarium [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2016.
2010	Lockhart PA. Primary Blast Injury of the Head: Numerical Prediction and Evaluation of Protection [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010.
2017	Bustamante MC. Investigation of Blast–related Fluid Cavitation Using a Novel Polymeric Hopkinson Bar–confinement Chamber Apparatus [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2017.
2005	Anderson DE. An Investigation of the Mechanical Implications of Sacroplasty Using Finite Element Models Based on Tomographic Image Data [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 25, 2005.
2005	Kemper AR. Material Properties of Human Rib Cortical Bone from Dynamic Tension Coupon Testing [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 22, 2005.
1994	Ruan JS. Impact Biomechanics of Head Injury by Mathematical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
1995	Zhou C. Finite Element Modeling of Impact Response of an Inhomogeneous Brain [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1995.
2001	Zhang L. Computational Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of Head Impact Response and American Football Head Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2001.
2005	Shah S. Skull Fracture Prediction Using Finite Element Model With Skull Thickness Variation [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2005.
2009	Mao H. Computational Analysis of in Vivo Brain Trauma [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2009.
2012	Makwana R. Development and Validation of a 3D Finite Element Model of Advanced Combat Helmet and Biomechanical Analysis of Human Head and Helmet Response to Primary Blast Insult [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2012.
2020	Zhou R. Development of Rat Head Finite Element Model and Tissue Level Biomechanical Threshold for Traumatic Axonal Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2020.
2000	Aida T. Study of Human Head Impact: Brain Tissue Constitutive Models [PhD thesis]. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University; May 2000.

Year	Entry
1966	McElhaney JH. Dynamic response of bone and muscle tissue. J Appl Physiol. 1966;21(4):1231-1236.
1957	Evans FG, Lissner HR. Tensile and compressive strength of human parietal bone. J Appl Physiol. May 1957;10(3):493-497.
1964	McElhaney J, Fogle J, Byars E, Weaver G. Effect of embalming on the mechanical properties of beef bone. J Appl Physiol. November 1964;19(6):1234-1236.
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1967	Evans FG, Bang S. Differences and relationships between the physical properties and the microscopic structure of human femoral, tibial and fibular cortical bone. Am J Anat. January 1967;120(1):79-88.
1969	Wood JL. Mechanical Properties of Human Cranial Bone in Tension [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1969.
1964	Currey JD. Three analogies to explain the mechanical properties of bone. Biorheology. 1964;2(1):1-10.