Comparison of cadaver and Hybrid III dummy response to axial impacts of the femur

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Donnelly, Bruce R.¹; Roberts, David P.¹

Comparison of cadaver and Hybrid III dummy response to axial impacts of the femur

Proceedings of the 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹Calspan Corp.
Abstract

Axial impacts were performed on the right and left femurs of nine unembalmed human cadavers. Similar impacts were performed on the femurs of a Hybrid in dummy. The cadaver subjects had a femur load cell implanted in the right femur to measure internal axial force. Injuries in the right and left knee-thigh-hip complex of each human subject were similar indicating that the load cell did not affect the structural response. Comparisons were made between cadaver and dummy applied and internal force and applied and internal impulse. Results indicated that the dummy was much stiffer than the cadaver and produced much higher applied and internal forces. The applied and internal impulses of the cadavers and the dummy were similar and the dummy impulse appears to be a promising indicator of injury in cadavers.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/872204

SAE: 872204

Cited By (22)

Year	Entry
2015	Rupp JD. Knee, thigh, and hip injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:471-497.
2003	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Madura NH, Schneider LW. Comparison of knee/femur force-deflection response of the THOR, Hybrid III, and human cadaver to dynamic frontal-impact knee loading. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2009	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Miller CS, Madura NH, Klinich KD, Kuppa SM, Schneider LW. Development of new criteria for assessing the risk of knee-thigh-hip injury in frontal impacts using Hybrid III femur force measurements. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
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2002	Masson C, Vinel H, Cavallero C, Brunet C. Response of the human pelvis-femur-knee complex during low speed frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2004	Bass CRD, Kent R, Salzar RS, Milllington S, Davis M, Folk B, Lucas S, Donnellan L, Murakami D, Kobayashi S. Development of injury criteria for pelvic fracture in frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.125-136.
2019	Albert DL, Hardy WN, Kemper AR. An investigation of the efficacy of using strain gauge arrays to measure axial and shear femur forces in post-mortem human subjects. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.424-435.
2005	Ritchie NL, Schneider LW, Miller CS, Madura NH, Rupp JD. Determining the effects of quadriceps tendon tension on patellar kinematics and knee injury pattern during frontal-impact knee loading. In: Proceedings of the 1st Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2005; Columbus, OH.
1996	Hayashi S, Choi H-Y, Levine RS, Yang KH, King AI. Experimental and analytical study of knee fracture mechanisms in a frontal knee impact. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:161-171. SAE 962423.
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2002	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Van Ee CA, Kuppa S, Wang SC, Goulet JA, Schneider LW. The tolerance of the human hip to dynamic knee loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:211-228. SAE 2002-22-0011.
2003	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155-188. SAE 2003-22-0009.
2003	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Jeffreys TA, Schneider LW. Effects of hip posture on the frontal impact tolerance of the human hip joint. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:21-33. SAE 2003-22-0002.
2006	Laituri TR, Henry S, Sullivan K, Prasad P. Derivation and theoretical assessment of a set of biomechanics-based, AIS2+ risk equations for the knee-thigh-hip complex. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:97-130. SAE 2006-22-0005.
2008	Rupp JD, Miller CS, Reed MP, Madura NH, Klinich KD, Schneider LW. Characterization of knee-thigh-hip response in frontal impacts using biomechanical testing and computational simulations. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:421-474. SAE 2008-22-0017.
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2006	Salzar RS, Bass CRD, Kent R, Millington S, Davis M, Lucas S, Rudd R, Folk B, Donnellan L, Murakami D, Kobayashi S. Development of injury criteria for pelvic fracture in frontal crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. September 2006;7(3):299-305.
2006	Rupp JD. Biomechanics of Hip Injuries in Frontal Motor-Vehicle Crashes [PhD thesis]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan; 2006.
2009	Chang C-Y. Prediction of the Effects of Lower-Extremity Muscle Forces on Knee, Thigh, and Hip Injuries in Frontal Motor Vehicle Crashes [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2009.
2022	Pastula CC. Assessment of Occupant Response in Frontal Bus Crash Scenarios Using Human Body Models to Improve Public Transportation Safety [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2022.
2018	Albert DL. Biomechanical Responses of Human Surrogates Under Various Frontal Loading Conditions With an Emphasis on Thoracic Response and Injury Tolerance [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 19, 2018.