Response of a human head/neck/upper-torso replica to dynamic loading, I: physical model

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Deng, Y.-C.¹; Goldsmith, W.¹

Response of a human head/neck/upper-torso replica to dynamic loading, I: physical model

J Biomech. 1987;20(5):471-486

Affiliations

¹University of California, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Abstract

A human head/neck/upper-torso replica was constructed and instrumented and its response to impact and dynamic loading was studied. The model consists of a water-filled cadaver skull; plastic vertebrae, sternum and ribs; silicon rubber disks and ligaments; and fabric muscles. The static behavior of the system under sagittal plane and lateral loading was adjusted so as to correspond to that of cadaver behavior under similar loading. The structure was loaded impulsively by the sudden arrest of a supporting sled running on a track and by direct head impact with a suspended steel ball. The measured response included the head acceleration, the disk pressures, the muscle strains, the intracranial pressures and the skull strains; the sled motion was also monitored. These data were recorded with a microcomputer and oscilloscopes; the overall system deformation was observed by high-speed cameras. The muscle contraction effects were determined with the aid of microcomputer-controlled devices including a vacuum system, solenoid valves and plastic syringes.
Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(87)90248-X

PubMed: 3611122

WoS: A1987H776100003
History

Received: 1985-12-30

Revised: 1986-09-3

Online: 2004-03-21

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Cited By (16)

Year	Entry
2003	Willinger R, Bourdet N, Fischer R, Le Gall F. New method for biofidelity evaluation of dummy neck. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Siegmund GP, Blouin J, Brault JR, Hedenstierna S, Inglis JT. Electromyography of superficial and deep neck muscles during isometric, voluntary and reflex contractions. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2005.167-187.
1992	Margulies SS, Meaney DF, Bilston LB, Thibault LE, Campeau NG, Riederer SJ. In vivo motion of the human cervical spinal cord in extension and flexion. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.213-224.
2011	Crandall JR, Bose D, Forman J, Untaroiu CD, Arregui‐Dalmases C, Shaw CG, Kerrigan JR. Human surrogates for injury biomechanics research. Clin Anat. 2011;24(3):362-371.
2001	Bogduk N, Yoganandan N. Biomechanics of the cervical spine, III: minor injuries. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). May 2001;16(4):267-275.
1987	Deng Y-C, Goldsmith W. Response of a human head/neck/upper-torso replica to dynamic loading, II: analytical/numerical model. J Biomech. 1987;20(5):487-497.
1998	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Klienberger M. Cervical spine vertebral and facet joint kinematics under whiplash. J Biomech Eng. April 1998;120(2):305-307.
1997	Grauer JN, Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Dvorak J. Whiplash produces an S-shaped curvature of the neck with hyperextension at lower levels. Spine. November 1997;22(21):2489-2494.
1998	Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Babat LB, Dvorak J. Simulation of whiplash trauma using whole cervical spine specimens. Spine. January 1998;23(1):17-24.
2011	Alshammari NK. An Investigation Into Spinal Injury from Vehicle Crashes in Saudi Arabia [PhD thesis]. UK, University of Birmingham; April 2011.
2004	van Lopik D. A Computational Model of the Human Head and Cervical Spine for Dynamic Impact Simulation [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University; 2004.
2004	Stemper BD. Whiplash Affects Cervical Spine Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; May 2004.
2008	Fijalkowski RJ. Rotational Acceleration Pulse Characteristics Affect Mild Diffuse Brain Injury Severity [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; May 2008.
2001	Hasselquist L. The Neurophysiologic Mechanisms of the Cervical Spine During Whiplash [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; December 2001.
1994	Bilston LE. The Biomechanics of the Spinal Cord During Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1994.
2007	Hu J. Neck Injury Mechanism in Rollover Crashes: A Systematic Approach for Improving Rollover Neck Protection [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2007.